{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:07:41Z","timestamp":1790222861675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sexually transmitted acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections (AHIs) have been mainly described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Cases in HIV-negative MSM are scarce. We describe the epidemic of AHI in HIV-infected and HIV-negative MSM in Lyon, France.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All cases of AHI diagnosed in MSM in Lyon University Hospital from 2014 to 2017 were included. AHI incidence was determined in HIV-infected and in preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)\u2013using MSM. Transmission clusters were identified by construction of phylogenetic trees based on HCV NS5B (genotype 1a\/4d) or NS5A (genotype 3a) Sanger sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2014 to 2017, 108 AHIs (80 first infections, 28 reinfections) were reported in 96 MSM (HIV-infected, 72; HIV-negative, 24). AHI incidence rose from 1.1\/100 person-years (95 confidence interval [CI], 0.7\u20131.7) in 2014 to 2.4\/100 person-years (95 CI, 1.1\u20132.6) in 2017 in HIV-infected MSM (P = .05) and from 0.3\/100 person-years (95 CI, 0.06\u20131.0) in 2016 to 3.4\/100 person-years (95 CI, 2.0\u20135.5) in 2017 in PrEP users (P &lt; .001). Eleven clusters were identified. All clusters included HIV-infected MSM; 6 also included HIV-negative MSM. All clusters started with \u22651 HIV-infected MSM. Risk factor distribution varied among clusters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>AHI incidence increased in both HIV-infected and HIV-negative MSM. Cluster analysis suggests initial transmission from HIV-infected to HIV-negative MSM through chemsex and traumatic sexual practices, leading to mixed patterns of transmission regardless of HIV status and no overlap with the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T20:19:14Z","timestamp":1550866754000},"page":"2127-2135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Patterns of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)\u2013infected and HIV-negative Men Who Have Sex With Men"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Christophe","family":"Rami\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Lyon, France"},{"name":"University of Lyon, 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