{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:24:26Z","timestamp":1789467866435,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les H\u00e9patites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Histoplasmosis is among the main acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)\u2013defining conditions in endemic areas. Although histoplasmosis has a worldwide distribution, histoplasmosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) is rarely reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to describe the incidence and features of histoplasmosis-associated IRIS in a cohort of PLHIV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective multicenter study was conducted in French Guiana from 1 January 1997 to 30 September 2017. The target population was represented by PLHIV who presented an episode of histoplasmosis within 6 months after antiretroviral therapy initiation. We used a consensual IRIS case definition, submitted to the agreement of 2 experts. Each case was described using a standardized questionnaire, and all patients gave informed consent.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-two cases of histoplasmosis-associated IRIS were included (14 infectious\/unmasking and 8 paradoxical), with an overall incidence rate of 0.74 cases per 1000 HIV-infected person-years (95% confidence interval, 0.43\u20131.05). Mean age was 40.5 years. The ratio of males to females was 1:4. Median time to IRIS was 11 days (interquartile range 7\u201340 days) after antiretroviral therapy initiation. The main clinical presentation was fever, without any specific pattern, and disseminated disease. We reported 2 severe cases and partial or complete recovery at 1 month was the rule. Twenty-two cases were identified in the literature with similar characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Histoplasmosis-associated IRIS incidence was low but generated significant morbidity in PLHIV. In endemic areas, screening for latent or subclinical histoplasmosis should be implemented before antiretroviral therapy initiation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T20:12:41Z","timestamp":1553199161000},"page":"643-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Incidence and Trends in Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With <i>Histoplasma capsulatum<\/i> Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A 20-Year Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Alessia","family":"Melzani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne"},{"name":"Equipe EA3593, Ecosyst\u00e8mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Universit\u00e9 de Guyane , 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Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne"},{"name":"Equipe EA3593, Ecosyst\u00e8mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Universit\u00e9 de Guyane , Cayenne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Nacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe EA3593, Ecosyst\u00e8mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Universit\u00e9 de Guyane , Cayenne"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Blanchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe EA3593, Ecosyst\u00e8mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Universit\u00e9 de Guyane , Cayenne"},{"name":"Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magalie","family":"Demar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe EA3593, Ecosyst\u00e8mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Universit\u00e9 de Guyane , Cayenne"},{"name":"Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Couppie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe EA3593, Ecosyst\u00e8mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Universit\u00e9 de Guyane , Cayenne"},{"name":"Service de Dermatologie-V\u00e9n\u00e9rologie, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Adenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe EA3593, Ecosyst\u00e8mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Universit\u00e9 de Guyane , Cayenne"},{"name":"Centre 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