{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:53:00Z","timestamp":1790031180163,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008220","name":"Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007936","name":"International AIDS Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIG-133051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIG-133051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA031845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA031845"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Early Pediatric Initiation Canada Child Cure Cohort (EPIC4) study is a prospective, multicenter, Canadian cohort study investigating human immunodeficiency virus\u20131 (HIV-1) reservoirs, chronic inflammation, and immune responses in children with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection. The focus of this report is HIV-1 reservoirs and correlates in the peripheral blood of children who achieved sustained virologic suppression (SVS) for \u22655 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV-1 reservoirs were determined by measuring HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and inducible cell-free HIV-1 RNA in CD4+ T-cells by a prostratin analogue stimulation assay. HIV serology was quantified by signal-to-cutoff ratio (S\/CO).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 228 enrolled participants, 69 achieved SVS for \u22655 years. HIV-1 DNA, inducible cell-free HIV-1 RNA, and S\/COs correlated directly with the age of effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation (P &amp;lt; .001, P = .036, and P &amp;lt; .001, respectively) and age when SVS was achieved (P = .002, P = .038, and P &amp;lt; .001, respectively) and inversely with the proportion of life spent on effective cART (P &amp;lt; .001, P = .01, and P &amp;lt; .001, respectively) and proportion of life spent with SVS (P &amp;lt; .001, P = .079, and P &amp;lt; .001, respectively). Inducible cell-free HIV-1 RNA correlated with HIV-1 DNA, most particularly in children with SVS, without virologic blips, that was achieved with the first cART regimen initiated prior to 6 months of age (rho = 0.74; P = .037) or later (rho = 0.87; P &amp;lt; .001). S\/COs correlated with HIV-1 DNA (P = .003), but less so with inducible cell-free HIV-1 RNA (P = .09).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prostratin analogue stimulation assay, with its lower blood volume requirement, could be a valuable method for evaluating inducible HIV-1 reservoirs in children. Standard commercial HIV serology may be a practical initial indirect measure of reservoir size in the peripheral blood of children with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T20:21:28Z","timestamp":1553113288000},"page":"859-866","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Clinical Correlates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u20131 (HIV-1) DNA and Inducible HIV-1 RNA Reservoirs in Peripheral Blood in Children With Perinatally Acquired HIV-1 Infection With Sustained Virologic Suppression for at Least 5 Years"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Ari","family":"Bitnun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris 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