{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:05:26Z","timestamp":1790665526761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U19 AI084048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI084048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5RO1 AI114790-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5RO1 AI114790-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine","award":["2016-2M"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-2M"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine","award":["-3\u2013021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-3\u2013021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) causes symptomatic urethritis in men, and can infect alone or together with other sexually transmitted infection (STI) agents.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of MG and other STIs was determined in 1816 men with symptomatic urethritis. Resistance of MG to macrolides and fluoroquinolones was determined by sequencing; the impact of recent antimicrobial usage on the distribution of MG single or mixed infections was determined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, prevalence of MG infection was 19.7% (358\/1816). Fifty-four percent (166\/307) of MG infections occurred alone in the absence of other STI agents. Men with single MG infection self-administered or were prescribed antibiotics more often in the 30 days prior to enrollment than subjects with urethritis caused by MG coinfection (P &amp;lt; .0001). Higher rates (96.7%) of infection with macrolide resistance in MG were identified in men who had taken macrolides prior to enrollment (P &amp;lt; .03). Overall, 88.9% (303\/341) of 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes contained mutations responsible for macrolide resistance; 89.5% (308\/344) of parC and 12.4% (42\/339) of gyrA genes had mutations responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. Approximately 88% (270\/308) of MG had combined mutations in 23S rRNA and parC genes; 10.4% (32\/308) had mutations in all 3 genes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MG was the single pathogen identified in 11% of men with symptomatic urethritis. Overall, nearly 90% of MG infections were resistant to macrolides and fluoroquinolones. Men who took macrolides in the 30 days prior to enrollment had higher rates (97%) of macrolide-resistant MG. Resistance was associated with numerous mutations in 23SrRNA, parC, and gyrA genes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T11:41:16Z","timestamp":1554464476000},"page":"805-810","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Mycoplasma genitalium in Symptomatic Male Urethritis: Macrolide Use Is Associated With Increased Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing"},{"name":"Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Chaisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Madico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George W","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester"},{"name":"Corrona Research Foundation, Albany, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020072914270171100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-11","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium: from Chrysalis to multicolored butterfly","volume":"24","author":"Taylor-Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol 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