{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T09:26:25Z","timestamp":1784366785318,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"GloCal Global Health Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25 TW009343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 TW009343"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections are a global health burden. NG resistance to cephalosporins, which is increasingly reported, is an imminent threat to public health. Many hypothesize that commensal Neisseria species are an important reservoir for genetic material conferring antimicrobial resistance in NG; however, clinical data are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam, completed a questionnaire regarding antibiotic use. We collected pharyngeal specimens, cultured Neisseria species, and measured minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ciprofloxacin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime. Using MIC criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility in NG, we categorized the Neisseria species and compared mean MIC levels between different antibiotic user groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 207 participants, 38% used at least 1 antibiotic in the past 6 months; 52% without a prescription. A median of 1 Neisseria species was cultured from each participant (range, 1\u20134) with 10 different Neisseria species identified overall. The proportion of Neisseria with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was 93%, cefpodoxime 84%, cefixime 31%, and ceftriaxone 28%. Antibiotic use within the past month was strongly associated with Neisseria species having increased MICs to cefixime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime (mean MIC ratios of 6.27, 4.11, and 7.70, respectively), compared with those who used antibiotics between 1 and 6 months prior (P &amp;lt; .05, all comparisons).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MSM in our study often used antibiotics without a prescription. At least 1 commensal Neisseria species colonized all men. Recent use of any antibiotics may select for oropharyngeal Neisseria species with antimicrobial resistance. The normal flora of the oropharynx may be an important source of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T11:08:06Z","timestamp":1556708886000},"page":"1169-1175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Decreased Cephalosporin Susceptibility of Oropharyngeal Neisseria Species in Antibiotic-using Men Who Have Sex With Men in Hanoi, Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6370-1811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan V","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Sciences"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loc Q","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles"},{"name":"Center for Research and Training on Substance Abuse\u2013HIV, Hanoi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoa T","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minh X B","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training on Substance Abuse\u2013HIV, Hanoi Medical University"},{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trung V","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Folasade","family":"May","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giang M","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training on Substance Abuse\u2013HIV, Hanoi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D","family":"Klausner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine"},{"name":"Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los 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