{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:07:16Z","timestamp":1791576436920,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Omadacycline is a novel aminomethylcycline antimicrobial and semisynthetic derivative of tetracycline. In vitro, omadacycline displays potent activity against gram-positive and many gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, \u03b2-hemolytic streptococci, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae. Omadacycline is also active against atypical and anaerobic pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma spp., Bacteroides spp., and Clostridioides difficile. This review outlines the microbiology and preclinical studies of omadacycline, including its mechanism of action; spectrum of activity; protein binding; activity in the presence of surfactant, serum, normal, and pH-adjusted urine, or bacterial biofilms; postantibiotic effect; pharmacodynamic properties; and in vitro and in vivo efficacy. The results of in vitro and in vivo animal studies support the observations made in phase III clinical trials and the clinical development of omadacycline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T19:13:24Z","timestamp":1557774804000},"page":"S6-S15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Microbiology and Preclinical Review of Omadacycline"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"James A","family":"Karlowsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Steenbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George G","family":"Zhanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0001"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0002","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800170","article-title":"Omadacycline for acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections","volume":"380","author":"O\u2019Riordan","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0004","unstructured":"O\u2019Riordan W , CardenasC, SirbuA, et al A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, multi-centre study to compare the safety and efficacy of oral omadacycline to oral linezolid for treating adult subjects with ABSSSI (OASIS-2 study). Abstract O0425 at 28th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) (Madrid, Spain). 2018."},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800201","article-title":"Omadacycline for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia","volume":"380","author":"Stets","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E32","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics5040032","article-title":"The novel aminomethylcycline omadacycline has high specificity for the primary tetracycline-binding site on the bacterial ribosome","volume":"5","author":"Heidrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01066-13","article-title":"Mechanism of action of the novel aminomethylcycline antibiotic omadacycline","volume":"58","author":"Draper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01242-13","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of omadacycline, a novel aminomethylcycline","volume":"58","author":"Macone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0009","unstructured":"Ruzin A , Dzink-FoxJ, JonesAK, DeanCR, BradfordPA. Studies on the mechanism of resistance to PTK796 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Abstract CI-1413 at 50th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) (Boston, MA). 2010."},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.04.014","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tet(X)-containing hospital isolates in Sierra Leone","volume":"42","author":"Leski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiv059","article-title":"Transformation of tetracycline by TetX and its subsequent degradation in a heterologous host","volume":"91","author":"Ghosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2017.10.010","article-title":"Activity of omadacycline tested against Streptococcus pneumoniae from a global surveillance program (2014)","volume":"90","author":"Pfaller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02327-17","article-title":"Surveillance of omadacycline activity tested against clinical isolates from the United States and Europe: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2016","volume":"62","author":"Pfaller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02411","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02411-16","article-title":"Activities of omadacycline and comparator agents against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a surveillance program conducted in North America and Europe","volume":"61","author":"Pfaller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubois J , DuboisM, MartelJ, TanakaS. In vitro activity of omadacycline against Legionella pneumophila. Abstract F770 at 55th Interscience Congress on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) (San Diego, CA). 2015.","DOI":"10.26226\/morressier.56d6be7ad462b80296c97ddc"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02434-16","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo activity of omadacycline against two biothreat pathogens, Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis","volume":"61","author":"Steenbergen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2016-0100","article-title":"Omadacycline: development of a novel aminomethylcycline antibiotic for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections","volume":"11","author":"Villano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0018","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2016.07.029","article-title":"Discovery, pharmacology, and clinical profile of omadacycline, a novel aminomethylcycline antibiotic","volume":"24","author":"Tanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0020","unstructured":"Huband MD , RhombergPR, SaderHS, SchuchertJE, FlammRK. In vitro activity of omadacycline and comparators against gram-negative bacterial isolates collected from patients in European medical centres (2016): Results from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. 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In vitro activity of omadacycline (PTK796) in broth, broth plus lung surfactant or human serum. Abstract P1141 at 21st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) (Milan, Italy). 2011."},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0026","unstructured":"Villano S , TzanisE, TanakaSK. In vitro protein binding with omadacycline, a first in class aminomethylcycline antibiotic. Abstract 518 at American Society of Microbiology (ASM)Microbe (Boston, MA). 2016."},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0230","article-title":"Effects of ionic strength, temperature, and pH on degradation of selected antibiotics","volume":"37","author":"Loftin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Environ Qual"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0028","unstructured":"Thwaites M , ShinabargerD, PillarC. The impact of non-standard test conditions on the in vitro activity of omadacycline by broth microdilution. Abstract P1263 at 27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) (Vienna, Austria). 2017."},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubois J , DuboisM, MartelJ, SteenbergenJ. In vitro extracellular and intracellular activity of omadacycline against Staphylococcus aureus. Abstract P1254 at 27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) (Vienna, Austria). 2017.","DOI":"10.26226\/morressier.56d6be7ad462b80296c97ddc"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubois J , DuboisM, MartelJ, TanakaS. In vitro intracellular activity of omadacycline against Legionella pneumophila. 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In vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation of omadacycline (PTK 0796) against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) in the murine thigh infection model. Abstract 1531 at IDWeek (San Diego, CA). 2017.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx163.1227"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl224","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the tetracyclines including glycylcyclines","volume":"58","author":"Agwuh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019080101102959200_CIT0044","unstructured":"Endermann R , LadelC, Broetz-OesterheltH, LabischinskiH. BAY 73-7388 is highly efficacious in animal models of intraabdominal infections caused by a range of aerobic and anaerobic organisms, including VRE. 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