{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:40:54Z","timestamp":1777578054129,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1066762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1066762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center of the NIH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K43TW010382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K43TW010382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postlicensure studies have shown an association between rotavirus vaccination and intussusception. We assessed the risk of intussusception associated with Rotarix (RV1) administration, at 6 and 14 weeks of age, in an upper-middle-income country, South Africa.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Active prospective surveillance for intussusception was conducted in 8 hospitals from September 2013 through December 2017. Retrospective case enrollment was done at 1 hospital from July 2012 through August 2013. Demographic characteristics, symptom onset, and rotavirus vaccine status were ascertained. Using the self-controlled case-series method, we estimated age-adjusted incidence rate ratios within 1\u20137, 8\u201321, and 1\u201321 days of rotavirus vaccination in children aged 28\u2013275 days at onset of symptoms. In addition, age-matched controls were enrolled for a subset of cases (n = 169), and a secondary analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three hundred forty-six cases were included in the case-series analysis. Post\u2013dose 1, there were zero intussusception cases within 1\u20137 days, and 5 cases within 8\u201321 days of vaccination. Post\u2013dose 2, 15 cases occurred within 1\u20137 days, and 18 cases within 8\u201321 days of vaccination. There was no increased risk of intussusception 1\u20137 days after dose 1 (no cases observed) or dose 2 (relative incidence [RI], 1.71 [95% confidence interval {CI} .83\u20133.01]). Similarly, there was no increased risk 8\u201321 days after the first (RI, 4.01 [95% CI, .87\u201310.56]) or second dose (RI, .96 [95% CI, .52\u20131.60]). Results were similar for the case-control analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The risk of intussusception in the 21 days after the first or second dose of RV1 was not higher than the background risk among South Africa infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>South African National Clinical Trial Register (DOH-27-0913-4183).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T19:33:08Z","timestamp":1558553588000},"page":"1606-1612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Evaluation of Intussusception After Oral Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccination in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5893-3725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle J","family":"Groome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences"},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology\/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline E","family":"Tate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Arnold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Cape Town"},{"name":"Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milind","family":"Chitnis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"East London Hospital Complex, Walter Sisulu University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Cape Town"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corn\u00e9","family":"de Vos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Kirsten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Steve Biko Academic Hospital\/Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna M","family":"le Grange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Hospital, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Loveland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital\/Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sello","family":"Machaea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"East London Hospital Complex, Walter Sisulu University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Maharaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabir A","family":"Madhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences"},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology\/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umesh D","family":"Parashar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020041000552681500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68482","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068482","article-title":"Childhood intussusception: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS 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