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We assessed the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV suppression, immune activation, and quality of life (QoL).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A5308 was a prospective, open-label study of rilpivirine\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in ART-naive HIV controllers (N = 35), defined as having HIV RNA &amp;lt;500 copies\/mL for \u226512 months. The primary outcome measured change in %CD38+HLA-DR+ CD8+ T cells. Residual plasma viremia was measured using the integrase single-copy assay. QoL was measured using the EQ-5D questionnaire. Outcomes were evaluated using repeated measures general estimating equations models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Before ART, HIV controllers with undetectable residual viremia &amp;lt;0.6 HIV-1 RNA copies\/mL had higher CD4+ counts and lower levels of T-cell activation than those with detectable residual viremia. ART use was effective in further increasing the proportion of individuals with undetectable residual viremia (pre-ART vs after 24\u201348 weeks of ART: 19% vs 94%, P &amp;lt; .001). Significant declines were observed in the %CD38+HLA-DR+CD8+ T cells at 24\u201348 (\u22124.0%, P = .001) and 72\u201396 (\u22127.2%, P &amp;lt; .001) weeks after ART initiation. ART use resulted in decreases of several cellular markers of immune exhaustion and in a modest but significant improvement in self-reported QoL. There were no significant changes in CD4+ counts or HIV DNA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ART in HIV controllers reduces T-cell activation and improves markers of immune exhaustion. These results support the possible clinical benefits of ART in this population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T19:11:31Z","timestamp":1558725091000},"page":"1636-1642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces T-cell Activation and Immune Exhaustion Markers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Controllers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Jonathan Z","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia P","family":"Segal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald J","family":"Bosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M","family":"Lalama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Roberts-Toler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heloise","family":"Delagreverie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Universite Paris Diderot, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Getz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Garcia-Broncano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Kinslow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Tressler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelius N","family":"Van Dam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Infectious Disease, Cone Health, Greensboro, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Keefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Carrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge"},{"name":"Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Lichterfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kuritzkes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu G","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Landay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E","family":"Sax","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5308 Team","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020041000553240800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506816","article-title":"Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection","volume":"373","author":"Lundgren","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020041000553240800_CIT0002","volume-title":"Panel on antiretroviral guidelines for adults and adolescents. 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