{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T08:45:43Z","timestamp":1785314743878,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002152","name":"International Trachoma Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002152","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014555","name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014555","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Scobie and Claire Mackinnon Trust, Australia"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ivermectin-based mass drug administration has emerged as a promising strategy for the control of scabies and impetigo in settings where the diseases are endemic. Current follow-up data are limited to 12 months for the majority of studies. Longer-term data are vital to inform the sustainability of interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a prevalence survey for scabies and impetigo in 10 villages in Choiseul Province of the Solomon Islands 36 months after a single round of ivermectin and azithromycin mass drug coadministration. In the primary analysis, we compared the prevalence of scabies and impetigo at 36 months to the prevalence at baseline.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At 36 months, the prevalence of scabies was 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6\u20136.1), which was significantly lower than at baseline (18.7%; relative reduction, 74.9%; 95% CI, 61.5%\u201387.7%; P &amp;lt; .001). The prevalence of impetigo was 9.6% (95% CI, 8.1%\u201311.4%), significantly lower than at baseline (24.7%; relative reduction, 61.3%; 95% CI, 38.7%\u2013100%; P &amp;lt; .001). The highest prevalence of scabies was among children aged &amp;lt;5 years (12.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 33.2; 95% CI, 6.6\u2013603.2), and the highest prevalence of impetigo was among children aged 5\u20139 years (16.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 8.1; 95% CI, 3.6\u201321.8).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was a sustained impact of a single round of ivermectin and azithromycin mass drug coadministration on the prevalence of scabies and impetigo 3 years after the intervention. Our data provide further support to adopt this intervention as a central component of global scabies control efforts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Australian and New Zealand Trials Registry (ACTRN12615001199505).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T19:11:31Z","timestamp":1558725091000},"page":"1591-1595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prevalence of Scabies and Impetigo 3 Years After Mass Drug Administration With Ivermectin and Azithromycin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Marks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Romani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Sokana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lazarus","family":"Neko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Choiseul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Relmah","family":"Harrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atoifi Health Research Group, Malaita, Solomon Islands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titus","family":"Nasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Handan","family":"Wand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot J","family":"Whitfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Engelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony W","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Kaldor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C","family":"Steer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney"},{"name":"Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00132-2","article-title":"Prevalence of scabies and impetigo worldwide: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Romani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004803","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004803","article-title":"The prevalence of scabies and impetigo in the Solomon Islands: a population-based survey","volume":"10","author":"Mason","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003452","article-title":"Scabies and impetigo prevalence and risk factors in Fiji: a national survey","volume":"9","author":"Romani","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68772-2","article-title":"Scabies","volume":"367","author":"Heukelbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70168-4","article-title":"A comparative trial of three treatment schedules for the eradication of scabies","volume":"9","author":"Taplin","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e444","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000444","article-title":"Community management of endemic scabies in remote aboriginal communities of northern Australia: low treatment uptake and high ongoing acquisition","volume":"3","author":"La Vincente","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92669-S","article-title":"Community control of scabies: a model based on use of permethrin cream","volume":"337","author":"Taplin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00087-X","article-title":"Treatment with ivermectin reduces the high prevalence of scabies in a village in Papua New Guinea","volume":"75","author":"Bockarie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0009","first-page":"34","article-title":"Control of scabies, skin sores and haematuria in children in the Solomon Islands: another role for ivermectin","volume":"83","author":"Lawrence","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004151","article-title":"Impact of an ivermectin mass drug administration on scabies prevalence in a remote Australian Aboriginal community","volume":"9","author":"Kearns","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500987","article-title":"Mass drug administration for scabies control in a population with endemic disease","volume":"373","author":"Romani","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy574","article-title":"Randomized trial of community treatment with azithromycin and ivermectin mass drug administration for control of scabies and impetigo","volume":"68","author":"Marks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30790-4","article-title":"Efficacy of mass drug administration with ivermectin for control of scabies and impetigo, with coadministration of azithromycin: a single-arm community intervention trial","volume":"19","author":"Romani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004246","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004246","article-title":"Long term control of scabies fifteen years after an intensive treatment programme","volume":"9","author":"Marks","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1132","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30397-8","article-title":"Feasibility and safety of mass drug coadministration with azithromycin and ivermectin for the control of neglected tropical diseases: a single-arm intervention trial","volume":"6","author":"Romani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.05.28696","article-title":"The SAFE strategy for trachoma control: using operational research for policy, planning and implementation","volume":"84","author":"Emerson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.052712","article-title":"Validation of an integrated management of childhood illness algorithm for managing common skin conditions in Fiji","volume":"87","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2004.03.008","article-title":"Definition of an algorithm for the management of common skin diseases at primary health care level in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"99","author":"Mah\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7382.219","article-title":"Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates","volume":"326","author":"Altman","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0020","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2017"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90131-2","article-title":"A comparative study of oral ivermectin and topical permethrin cream in the treatment of scabies","volume":"42","author":"Usha","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/004947550103100105","article-title":"Successful treatment of scabies with oral ivermectin in Nigeria","volume":"31","author":"Nnoruka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"2020041000552764700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.09.070540","article-title":"Ivermectin worthy of further investigation","volume":"87","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciz444\/29104596\/ciz444.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/70\/8\/1591\/33031778\/ciz444.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/70\/8\/1591\/33031778\/ciz444.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T05:09:03Z","timestamp":1586495343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/70\/8\/1591\/5498744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciz444","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]]}}}