{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:51:56Z","timestamp":1783698716911,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of the Republic of Benin"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) remains an important cause of disease in children in Africa. We describe findings from sentinel site bacterial meningitis surveillance in children &lt;5 years of age in the Republic of Benin, 2011\u20132016.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from children admitted to Parakou, Natitingou, and Tanguieta sentinel hospitals with suspected meningitis. Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) was performed by rapid diagnostic tests, microbiological culture, and\/or polymerase chain reaction; where possible, serotyping\/grouping was performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 10 919 suspected cases of meningitis were admitted to the sentinel hospitals. Most patients were 0\u201311 months old (4863 [44.5%]) and there were 542 (5.0%) in-hospital deaths. Overall, 4168 CSF samples were screened for pathogens and a total of 194 (4.7%) PBM cases were confirmed, predominantly caused by pneumococcus (98 [50.5%]). Following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction in 2011, annual suspected meningitis cases and deaths (case fatality rate) progressively declined from 2534 to 1359 and from 164 (6.5%) to 14 (1.0%) in 2012 and 2016, respectively (P &lt; .001). Additionally, there was a gradual decline in the proportion of meningitis cases caused by pneumococcus, from 77.3% (17\/22) in 2011 to 32.4% (11\/34) in 2016 (odds ratio, 7.11 [95% confidence interval, 2.08\u201324.30]). Haemophilus influenzae meningitis fluctuated over the surveillance period and was the predominant pathogen (16\/34 [47.1%]) by 2016.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The observed decrease in pneumococcal meningitis after PCV introduction may be indicative of changing patterns of PBM etiology in Benin. Maintaining vigilant and effective surveillance is critical for understanding these changes and their wider public health implications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T07:10:38Z","timestamp":1560409838000},"page":"S140-S147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Declines in Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in the Republic of Benin Following Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Epidemiological and Etiological Findings, 2011\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Agossou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin"},{"name":"Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinelo","family":"Ebruke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alphonse","family":"Noudamadjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin"},{"name":"Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien D","family":"Ad\u00e9d\u00e9my","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin"},{"name":"Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Y","family":"D\u00e8non","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service National de Laboratoire Sante Publique, Cotonou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honor\u00e9 S","family":"Bankol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service National de Laboratoire Sante Publique, Cotonou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam A","family":"Dogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service National de Laboratoire Sante Publique, Cotonou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolande","family":"Assogba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital of Tanguieta, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moussa","family":"Alassane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital of Tanguieta, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdoullah","family":"Cond\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin"},{"name":"Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falilatou Agbeille","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin"},{"name":"Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Kpanidja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin"},{"name":"Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moutawakilou","family":"Gomina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Hounsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service National de Laboratoire Sante Publique, Cotonou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basile G","family":"Aouanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service National de Laboratoire Sante Publique, Cotonou"},{"name":"Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital of Tanguieta, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Okoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Oluwalana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archibald","family":"Worwui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S","family":"Ndow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Nounagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital of Tanguieta, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Mwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rock A","family":"Sossou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Country Office, Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda A","family":"Kwambana-Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul"},{"name":"Microbiology and Infection Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019092600314550900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-22","article-title":"African meningitis belt pneumococcal disease epidemiology indicates a need for an effective serotype 1 containing vaccine, including for older children and adults","volume":"10","author":"Gessner","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect 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