{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:39:55Z","timestamp":1790195995127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005222","name":"National Center for Environmental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005222","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Sciences"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006229","name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium of CDC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Monoresistance to rifamycins necessitates longer and more toxic regimens for tuberculosis (TB). We examined characteristics and mortality associated with rifampin-monoresistant (RMR) TB in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture-positive cases reported to the National TB Surveillance System (excluding California) between 1998 and 2014. We defined RMR TB found on initial drug susceptibility testing and possible acquired rifampin-resistant (ARR) TB. We assessed temporal trends in RMR TB. For both classifications of rifampin resistance, we calculated adjusted risk ratios (adjRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for characteristics associated with mortality when compared with drug-susceptible TB in multivariable models using backward selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 180 329 TB cases, 126 431 (70%) were eligible for analysis, with 359 (0.28%) of eligible cases reported as RMR. The percentage of RMR TB cases with HIV declined 4% annually between 1998 and 2014. Persons with HIV and prior TB were more likely to have RMR TB (adjRR, 25.9; 95% CI, 17.6\u201338.1), as were persons with HIV and no prior TB (adjRR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.4\u20134.1) vs those without either characteristic, controlling for other statistically significant variables. RMR cases had greater mortality (adjRR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.04\u20131.8), controlling for HIV and other variables. Persons with HIV had greater risk of ARR than persons without HIV (adjRR, 9.6; 95% CI, 6.9\u201313.3), and ARR was also associated with increased mortality, controlling for HIV and other variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All forms of rifampin resistance were positively associated with HIV infection and increased mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T15:11:22Z","timestamp":1559920282000},"page":"1596-1605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Rifampin-resistant Tuberculosis in the United States, 1998\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6720-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Sharling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne M","family":"Marks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Goodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Services, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence","family":"Chorba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundari","family":"Mase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Tuberculosis Department, Country Office for India, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020052904195919500_CIT0001","volume-title":"Reported tuberculosis in the United States, 2016","year":"2017"},{"key":"2020052904195919500_CIT0002"},{"key":"2020052904195919500_CIT0003","first-page":"367","article-title":"Experimental models to explain the high sterilizing activity of rifampin in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis","volume":"123","author":"Dickinson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2020052904195919500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.167.4.603","article-title":"American Thoracic Society\/Centers for Disease Control and 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