{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T06:31:15Z","timestamp":1778999475359,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"WHO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012891","name":"MRCG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meningitis is endemic in Niger. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) were introduced in 2008 and 2014, respectively. Vaccination campaign against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A was carried out in 2010\u20132011. We evaluated changes in pathogen distribution using data from hospital-based surveillance in Niger from 2010 through 2016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from children &lt;5 years old with suspected meningitis were tested to detect vaccine-preventable bacterial pathogens. Confirmatory identification and serotyping\/grouping of Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae were done. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed on S. pneumoniae isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The surveillance included 2580 patients with suspected meningitis, of whom 80.8% (2085\/2580) had CSF collected. Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in 273 patients: 48% (131\/273) was N. meningitidis, 45% (123\/273) S. pneumoniae, and 7% (19\/273) H. influenzae. Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis decreased from 34 in 2014, to 16 in 2016. PCV13 serotypes made up 88% (7\/8) of S. pneumoniae meningitis prevaccination and 20% (5\/20) postvaccination. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NmC) was responsible for 59% (10\/17) of serogrouped N. meningitidis meningitis. Hib caused 67% (2\/3) of the H. influenzae meningitis isolates serotyped. Penicillin resistance was found in 16% (4\/25) of S. pneumoniae isolates. Sequence type 217 was the most common lineage among S. pneumoniae isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neisseria meningitidis and S. pneumoniae remain important causes of meningitis in children in Niger. The decline in the numbers of S. pneumoniae meningitis post-PCV13 is encouraging and should continue to be monitored. NmC is the predominant serogroup causing N. meningitidis meningitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T19:14:50Z","timestamp":1565378090000},"page":"S133-S139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Niger: Increased Importance of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C, and a Decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae Following 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Kourna Hama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Hopital National de Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boubou","family":"Laouali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Hopital National de Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Okoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Yam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Country Office, Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moussa","family":"Haladou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Country Office, Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Archibald","family":"Worwui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter Sylvanus","family":"Ndow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Nse Obama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Country Office, Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Mwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Biey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Ntsama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Intercountry Support Team for West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda A","family":"Kwambana-Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Microbiology and Infection Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019092600315577400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2210.160731","article-title":"Case-fatality rates and sequelae resulting from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C epidemic, Niger, 2015","volume":"22","author":"Coldiron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect 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