{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:00:12Z","timestamp":1790805612585,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010096","name":"Southern Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3HD096929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3HD096929"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI143471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI143471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Syphilis self-testing may help expand syphilis testing among men who have sex with men (MSM). China has rapidly scaled up human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-testing, creating an opportunity for integrated syphilis self-testing. However, there is a limited literature on implementing syphilis self-testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Chinese MSM in 2018. Participants completed a survey instrument including sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, syphilis self-testing, and HIV self-testing history. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify correlates of syphilis self-testing. We also recorded potential harms associated with syphilis self-testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six hundred ninety-nine MSM from 89 cities in 21 provinces in China completed the study. A total of 361\/699 (51.7%) men tested for syphilis, of whom 174\/699 (24.9%) men used syphilis self-testing. Among 174 who had self-tested, 90 (51.7%) reported that the self-test was their first syphilis test and 161 (92.5%) reported that they undertook syphilis self-testing together with HIV self-testing. After adjusting for covariates, syphilis self-testing was correlated with disclosure of sexual orientation to family or friends (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32\u20132.73), reporting 2\u20135 male sexual partners (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.04\u20133.16), HIV self-testing (aOR, 39.90; 95% CI, 17.00\u201393.61), and never tested for syphilis in the hospital (aOR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.86\u20134.72). Self-reported harms associated with syphilis self-testing were minimal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scaling up syphilis self-testing could complement facility-based testing in China among MSM. Self-testing may increase first-time testing and has limited harms. Our findings suggest that syphilis self-testing could be integrated into HIV self-testing services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T19:10:39Z","timestamp":1561749039000},"page":"2178-2186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Syphilis Self-testing: A Nationwide Pragmatic Study Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Center for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infection Control, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, 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Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason J","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Kumi","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyun","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Community Health and Research, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Marks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Center for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infection Control, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Center for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infection Control, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D","family":"Tucker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Faculty 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