{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:31:19Z","timestamp":1790317879743,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CDC Prevention Epicenter Program","award":["U43CK000450-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U43CK000450-01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 AI121146-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI121146-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship Program."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthcare personnel (HCP) acquire antibiotic-resistant bacteria on their gloves and gowns when caring for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Yet, contact precautions for patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains controversial despite existing guidelines. We sought to understand which patients are more likely to transfer MRSA to HCP and to identify which HCP interactions are more likely to lead to glove or gown contamination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective, multicenter cohort study of cultured HCP gloves and gowns for MRSA. Samples were obtained from patients\u2019 anterior nares, perianal area, and skin of the chest and arm to assess bacterial burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 402 MRSA-colonized patients with 3982 interactions, we found that HCP gloves and gowns were contaminated with MRSA 14.3% and 5.9% of the time, respectively. Contamination of either gloves or gowns occurred in 16.2% of interactions. Contamination was highest among occupational\/physical therapists (odds ratio [OR], 6.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.51, 13.79), respiratory therapists (OR, 5.34; 95% CI, 3.04, 9.39), and when any HCP touched the patient (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.04, 6.51). Touching the endotracheal tube (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.38, 2.19), bedding (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.20, 1.70), and bathing (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.75) increased the odds of contamination. We found an association between increasing bacterial burden on the patient and HCP glove or gown contamination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gloves and gowns are frequently contaminated with MRSA in the ICU. Hospitals may consider using fewer precautions for low-risk interactions and more for high-risk interactions and personnel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T23:22:36Z","timestamp":1563319356000},"page":"S171-S177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Optimizing Contact Precautions to Curb the Spread of Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria in Hospitals: A Multicenter Cohort Study to Identify Patient Characteristics and Healthcare Personnel Interactions Associated With Transmission of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Lyndsay M","family":"O\u2019Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P","family":"Calfee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loren G","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LA BioMed at Harbor\u2013University of California\u2013Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Pineles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence S","family":"Magder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Kristie","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony D","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 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