{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:22:43Z","timestamp":1791573763488,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"A Starr Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Encephalitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with unknown etiologies in the majority of patients. Large prognostic studies evaluating elderly patients are currently lacking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort of encephalitis cases in 19 hospitals from New Orleans, Louisiana, and Houston, Texas, between the years 2000 and 2017.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 340 adult (aged \u226517 years) patients with confirmed encephalitis were enrolled, and 194 (57%) had unknown etiologies. A cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus was done in 237 (69%) and 82 (24%) patients, respectively. Furthermore, an arboviral serology was done in 169 (49%) patients and measurements of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies were taken in 49 (14%) patients. A total of 172 out of 323 patients (53%) had adverse clinical outcomes (ACOs) at discharge. Older individuals (&amp;gt;65 years of age) had a lower prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, had a higher number of comorbidities, were less likely to receive adjuvant steroids, were more likely to have a positive arbovirus serology, were more likely to have a positive HSV PCR, were more likely to have abnormal computerized tomography findings, and were more likely to have to have an ACO (all P values &amp;lt; .05). Prognostic factors independently associated with an ACO were age \u226565, fever, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score &amp;lt;13, and seizures (all P values \u22640.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Encephalitis in adults remain with unknown etiologies and adverse clinical outcomes in the majority of patients. Independent prognostic factors include age \u226565 years, fever, GCS score &amp;lt;13, and seizures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T19:10:14Z","timestamp":1562699414000},"page":"2377-2385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Clinical Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Encephalitis in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Michael A","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S","family":"Samannodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Lopez","family":"Castelblanco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Hasbun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020052309495216800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.2.219","article-title":"Acute encephalitis","volume":"23","author":"Johnson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020052309495216800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f11d65","article-title":"Challenge of the unknown. 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