{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:59:29Z","timestamp":1787061569081,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI132627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI132627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U54HD090259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U54HD090259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01AI124316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01AI124316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-10 responses early in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SaB) are associated with bacteremia duration and mortality. We hypothesized that these responses vary depending on antimicrobial therapy, with particular interest in whether the superiority of \u03b2-lactams links to key cytokine pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three medical centers included 59 patients with SaB (47 methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA], 12 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus [MSSA]) from 2015\u20132017. In the first 48 hours, patients were treated with either a \u03b2-lactam (n = 24), including oxacillin, cefazolin, or ceftaroline, or a glyco-\/lipopeptide (n = 35), that is, vancomycin or daptomycin. Patient sera from days 1, 3, and 7 were assayed for IL-1\u03b2 and IL-10 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On presentation, IL-10 was elevated in mortality (P = .008) and persistent bacteremia (P = .034), while no difference occurred in IL-1\u03b2. Regarding treatment groups, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-10 were similar prior to receiving antibiotic. Patients treated with \u03b2-lactam had higher IL-1\u03b2 on days 3 (median +5.6 pg\/mL; P = .007) and 7 (+10.9 pg\/mL; P = .016). Ex vivo, addition of the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra to whole blood reduced staphylococcal killing, supporting an IL-1\u03b2 functional significance in SaB clearance. \u03b2-lactam\u2013treated patients had sharper declines in IL-10 than vancomycin or daptomycin \u2013treated patients over 7 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data underscore the importance of \u03b2-lactams for SaB, including consideration that the adjunctive role of \u03b2-lactams for MRSA in select patients helps elicit favorable host cytokine responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T07:25:44Z","timestamp":1563953144000},"page":"2634-2640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-10 Host Responses in 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