{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T02:36:43Z","timestamp":1768271803935,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moderate to severe diarrhea caused by Shigella is a global health concern due to its substantial contribution to morbidity and mortality in children aged &amp;lt;5 years in low- and middle-income countries. Although antibiotic treatment can be effective, emerging antimicrobial resistance, limited access, and cost affirm the role of vaccines as the most attractive countermeasure. Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) represent a valuable tool for assessing vaccine efficacy and potentially accelerating licensure. Currently, immunological analysis during CHIM studies is customized based on vaccine type, regimen, and administration route. Additionally, differences in type of immunoassays and procedures used limit comparisons across studies. In November 2017, an expert working group reviewed Shigella CHIM studies performed to date and developed consensus guidelines on prioritization of immunoassays, specimens, and collection time points. Immunoassays were ranked into 3 tiers, with antibodies to Shigella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) being the highest priority. To facilitate comparisons across clinical studies, a second workshop was conducted in December 2017, which focused on the pathway toward a recognized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine serum immunoglobulin G titers against Shigella LPS. The consensus of the meeting was to establish a consortium of international institutions with expertise in Shigella immunology that would work with the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control to establish a harmonized ELISA, produce a reference sera, and identify a reliable source of Shigella LPS for global utilization. Herein we describe efforts toward establishing common procedures to advance Shigella vaccine development, support licensure, and ultimately facilitate vaccine deployment and uptake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T19:27:08Z","timestamp":1569958028000},"page":"S596-S601","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Consensus Report on Shigella Controlled Human Infection Model: Immunological Assays"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Robert W","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Subunit Enteric Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Enteric Infections, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcela F","family":"Pasetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Older","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen A","family":"Clarkson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subunit Enteric Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Enteric Infections, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sjoerd","family":"Rijpkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A Louis","family":"Bourgeois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Vaccine Initiative, PATH, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dani","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Feavers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calman A","family":"MacLennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019120911270957400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.5.1068","article-title":"Serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide and natural immunity to shigellosis in an Israeli military population","volume":"157","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019120911270957400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/125.1.12","article-title":"Immunity in shigellosis. 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