{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:28:27Z","timestamp":1787894907812,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24MH100931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24MH100931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Texas NeuroAIDS Research Center","award":["U24MH100930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24MH100930"]}]},{"name":"National Neurological AIDS Bank","award":["U24MH100929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24MH100929"]}]},{"name":"California NeuroAIDS Tissue Network","award":["U24MH100928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24MH100928"]}]},{"name":"National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium Data Coordinating Center","award":["U24MH100925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24MH100925"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has decreased, but milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist along with motor dysfunction. The HIV Motor Scale (HMS) is a validated tool that captures motor abnormalities on routine neurologic examination and which is associated with cognitive impairment in HIV. In this study, we applied a modified HMS (MHMS) to a nationwide cohort of people with longstanding HIV to characterize and understand the factors contributing to motor dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium is a nationwide longitudinal cohort study. Participants undergo regular assessments including neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, and immunovirologic data collection. Data from examinations were used to calculate the MHMS score, which was then correlated with history of AIDS-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders (ARCD; eg, prior CNS opportunistic infection), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and HAND.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty-nine percent of participants showed an abnormality on the MHMS, with 27% classified as severe. Results did not vary based on demographic or immunologic variables. The most common abnormalities seen were gait (54%), followed by coordination (39%) and strength (25%), and these commonly co-occurred. CVD (P = .02), history of ARCD (P = .001), and HAND (P = .001) were all associated with higher (ie, worse) HMS in univariate analyses; CVD and ARCD persisted in multivariate analyses. CVD was also marginally associated with symptomatic HAND.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complex motor dysfunction remains common in HIV and is associated with CVD, ARCD, and to a lesser extent, HAND. Future studies are needed to understand the longitudinal trajectory of HIV-associated motor dysfunction, its neural substrates, and impact on quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T03:27:29Z","timestamp":1570159649000},"page":"1532-1538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characteristics of Motor Dysfunction in Longstanding Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9397-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Robinson-Papp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Gensler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Emmes Company, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Navis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Emmes Company, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald J","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin B","family":"Gelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis L","family":"Kolson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L","family":"Letendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elyse J","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Valdes-Sueiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Morgello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020091210440998800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190602","article-title":"The AIDS dementia complex: I. 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