{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:40:22Z","timestamp":1791222022002,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Several specialists in medicine use local anesthetics. In patients with kidney disease, these agents are used during catheter insertions for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, arteriovenous fistula and graft procedures, kidney transplantation, parathyroidectomy, kidney biopsies, and dental and skin procedures. Patients on chronic hemodialysis use a topical application prior to use of needles for arteriovenous fistula cannulation before starting dialysis. They are also used to manage acute and chronic pain conditions, in regional nerve blockade and in multi-modal enhanced recovery protocols. Despite their frequent use by both physicians and patients, data on the use of local anesthetics in patients with kidney impairment are not well reported. This review will summarize the use of local anesthetics in chronic kidney disease, describe their pharmacology and the impact of lower estimated glomerular filtration rate on their pharmacokinetics, and suggest dose regulation in those with kidney dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T19:13:52Z","timestamp":1624562032000},"page":"186-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Local anesthetics for the Nephrologist"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nupur N","family":"Uppal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mital","family":"Jhaveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Queens Hospital Center, Jamaica, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Shore-Lesserson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenar D","family":"Jhaveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6249-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Izzedine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Peupliers Private Hospital, Ramsay G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Sant\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031114541850200_sfab121-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002665","article-title":"The science of local anesthesia: basic research, clinical application, and future directions","volume":"126","author":"Lirk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2022031114541850200_sfab121-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2018.06.010","article-title":"New local 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