{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:07Z","timestamp":1792785847883,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["BT\/PR11105\/MED\/30\/1345\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR11105\/MED\/30\/1345\/2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a lack of information on epidemiology and progression of CKD in low\u2013middle income countries. The Indian Chronic Kidney Disease (ICKD) study aims to identify factors that associate with CKD progression, and development of kidney failure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Indian patients with CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICKD study is prospective, multicentric cohort study enrolling patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15\u201360 mL\/min\/1.73 m2, or &amp;gt;60 mL\/min\/1.73 m2 with proteinuria. Clinical details and biological samples are collected at annual visits. We analysed the baseline characteristics including socio-demographic details, risk factors, disease characteristics and laboratory measurements. In addition, we compared characteristics between urban and rural participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 4056 patients have been enrolled up to 31 March 2020. The mean \u00b1 SD age was 50.3 \u00b1 11.8 years, 67.2% were males, two-thirds of patients lived in rural areas and the median eGFR was 40 mL\/min\/1.73 m2. About 87% were hypertensive, 37% had diabetes, 22% had CVD, 6.7% had past history of acute kidney injury and 23% reported prior use of alternative drugs. Diabetic kidney disease, chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) and CKD-cause unknown (CKDu) were the leading causes. Rural participants had more occupational exposure and tobacco use but lower educational status and income. CIN and unknown categories were leading causes in rural participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ICKD study is the only large cohort study of patients with mild-to-moderate CKD in a lower middle income country. Baseline characteristics of study population reveal differences as compared with other cohorts from high-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T07:28:02Z","timestamp":1628666882000},"page":"60-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["The Indian Chronic Kidney Disease (ICKD) study: baseline characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3522-1121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpita","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Institute for Global Health India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Osmania Medical College, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narayan","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Varughese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5939-6300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sreejith","family":"Parameswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natarajan","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhjot","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopesh K","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samarpan Kidney Institute and Research Center, Bhopal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajal","family":"Kamboj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Institute for Global Health India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 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