{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:25:24Z","timestamp":1790472324922,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":64,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Miguel Servet grant"},{"name":"Fondo de investigaci\u00f3n sanitaria"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP18\/00116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP18\/00116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Activation of parietal\u2013epithelial cells (PECs) with neo-expression of CD44 has been found to play a relevant role in the development of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The aim of this study was to analyse whether the expression of CD44 by PECs in biopsies of minimal change disease (MCD) is associated with the response to corticosteroids, with kidney outcomes and\/or can be considered an early sign of FSGS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This multicentric, retrospective study included paediatric and adult patients with MCD. Demographic, clinical and biochemical data were recorded, and biopsies were stained with anti-CD44 antibodies. The association between PECs, CD44 expression and the response to corticosteroids, and kidney outcomes were analysed using logistic, Kaplan\u2013Meier and Cox regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 54 patients were included: 35 (65%) &amp;lt;18 years and 19 (35%) adults. Mean follow-up was 68.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a037.9 months. A total of 19\/54 patients (35.2%) showed CD44-positive staining. CD44-positive patients were younger (14.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05 versus 21.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013, P = 0.006), and showed a higher incidence of steroid-resistance [11\/19 (57.8%) versus 7\/35 (20%), P = 0.021; odds ratio: 5.5 (95% confidence interval 1.6\u201318), P = 0.007] and chronic kidney disease [9\/19 (47.3%) versus 6\/35 (17.1%), P = 0.021; relative risk: 3.01 (95% confidence interval 1.07\u20138.5), P = 0.037]. Follow-up re-biopsies of native kidneys (n = 18), identified FSGS lesions in 10\/12 (83.3%) of first-biopsy CD44-positive patients versus 1\/6 (16.7%) of first-biopsy CD44-negative patients (P = 0.026).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In patients with a light microscopy pattern of MCD, CD44-positive staining of PECs is associated with a higher prevalence of steroid resistance and worse kidney outcomes, and can be considered an early sign of FSGS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T19:56:49Z","timestamp":1635278209000},"page":"545-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["CD44-negative parietal\u2013epithelial cell staining in minimal change disease: association with clinical features, response to corticosteroids and kidney outcome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7129-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neus","family":"Roca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Nefrologia Pedi\u00e1trica, Hospital Universitari de Vic, Universitat de Vic, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Jatem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anabel","family":"Abo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica Dr Pifarr\u00e9, Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Santacana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica Dr Pifarr\u00e9, Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Nefrologia Pedi\u00e1trica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebr\u00f3n, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Madrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Nefrologia Pedi\u00e1trica, Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e8u Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Nefrologia Pedi\u00e1trica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebr\u00f3n, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Nefrolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica Dr Pifarr\u00e9, Lleida, Spain"},{"name":"VHIR Vall d'Hebr\u00f3n Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Balius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Nefrologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Althaia de Manresa, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Segarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica Dr Pifarr\u00e9, Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14184-0","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in childhood","volume":"362","author":"Eddy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib2","first-page":"247","article-title":"How to treat corticosteroid-resistant idiopathic focal segmental glomeruloesclerosis?","volume":"31","author":"Rivera Hernandez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05000516","article-title":"Minimal change disease","volume":"12","author":"Vivarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49e55","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V7149","article-title":"Serial morphometric analysis ofsclerotic lesions in primary \u201cfocal\u201d segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Fuiano","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004080720","article-title":"Genetic engineering of glomerular sclerosis in the mouse via control of onset and severity of podocyte-specific injury","volume":"16","author":"Matsusaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2016.09.21","article-title":"Pathogenesis of focal segmental glomeruloesclerosis","volume":"50","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pathol Transl Med"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10571011","article-title":"Parietal epithelial cell activation marker in early recurrence of FSGS in the transplant","volume":"7","author":"Fatima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3775-4","article-title":"Is CD44 in glomerular parietal epithelial cells a pathological marker of renal function deterioration in primary focal segmental glomeruloesclerosis?","volume":"32","author":"Fr\u00f3es","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011050449","article-title":"Subtotal ablation of parietal epithelial cells induces crescent formation","volume":"23","author":"Sicking","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000360677","article-title":"Role of parietal epithelial cells in kidney injury: the case of rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis and focal and segmental glomeruloesclerosis","volume":"126:","author":"Moeller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephron Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11013-2","article-title":"The tetraspanin CD9 controls migration and proliferation of parietal epithelial cells and glomerular disease progression","volume":"10","author":"Lazareth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189e196","DOI":"10.1136\/mp.52.4.189","article-title":"CD44 cell adhesion molecules","volume":"52","author":"Goodison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Pathol"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010090970","article-title":"Parietal epithelial cells participate in the formation of sclerotic lesions in focal segmental glomeruloesclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Smeets","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.08.007","article-title":"Detection of activated parietal epithelial cells on the glomerular tuft distinguishes early focal segmental glomeruloesclerosis from minimal change disease","volume":"184","author":"Smeets","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20171904","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1904","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","volume":"140","author":"Flynn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339","article-title":"2018 ESC\/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"3","author":"Eknoyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.02.027","article-title":"A kidney-disease gene panel allows a comprehensive genetic diagnosis of cystic and glomerular inherited kidney diseases","volume":"94","author":"Bullich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2022022210494132600_bib19","first-page":"141","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis","volume":"2","author":"Eknoyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"}],"container-title":["Clinical Kidney Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfab215\/42229325\/sfab215.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/15\/3\/545\/42576228\/sfab215.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/15\/3\/545\/42576228\/sfab215.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T10:53:37Z","timestamp":1645527217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/15\/3\/545\/6428421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfab215","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8505","2048-8513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8513","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]}}}