{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T03:55:19Z","timestamp":1771559719648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common medical problem with a multitude of aetiologies. Prompt diagnosis and management is key in the prevention of complications. Cutaneous signs can often give diagnostic clues of underlying systemic diseases causing AKI. This review summarizes cutaneous findings of diseases causing AKI in adults. Knowledge of such cutaneous signs could lead to earlier diagnosis of underlying kidney disease and facilitate management strategies in a timely manner. Acute interstitial nephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki's disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (previously Wegener's granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (previously Churg\u2013Strauss syndrome), Henoch\u2013Sch\u00f6nlein purpura, cryoglobulinaemia, Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis and cholesterol embolization syndrome were highlighted as diseases causing AKI with cutaneous manifestations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T20:22:06Z","timestamp":1638908526000},"page":"855-864","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cutaneous manifestations of acute kidney injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gavin A","family":"Esson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaani B","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon J","family":"Meggitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick J","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Sayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.50","article-title":"Summary of recommendation statements","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.89","article-title":"Acute interstitial nephritis","volume":"77","author":"Praga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib3","first-page":"808","article-title":"Diagnosing acute interstitial nephritis: consideration for clinicians","volume":"12","author":"Nussbaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib4","first-page":"31","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Choudhary","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12081","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: is cutaneous phenotype a prognostic marker for outcome? A review of clinicopathological features of 27 cases","volume":"168","author":"Walsh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.01.017","article-title":"The DRESS syndrome: a literature review","volume":"124","author":"Cacoub","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12501","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study","volume":"169","author":"Kardaun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01390118","article-title":"Duration of corticosteroids and recovery of kidney function in acute interstitial nephritis","volume":"13","author":"Fernandez-Juarez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13120","article-title":"Comparing polyarteritis nodosa in children and adults: a single centre study","volume":"20","author":"Erden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.08.005","article-title":"Skin involvement in cutaneous and systemic vasculitis","volume":"12","author":"Marzano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04522.x","article-title":"Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: a comprehensive review","volume":"49","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.81","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in patients with Kawasaki disease","volume":"80","author":"Chuang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.193903","article-title":"Kawasaki disease for dermatologists","volume":"7","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib14","volume-title":"Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis","author":"Garlapati","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-017-0412-z","article-title":"ANCA-associated vasculitis with renal involvement","volume":"31","author":"Binda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib16","first-page":"bcr0420102908","article-title":"Skin ulcer presentation of Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"2010","author":"Feighery","year":"2010"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-017-0303-3","article-title":"[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)]","volume":"59","author":"Jerrentrup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Internist (Berl)"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8616-5","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of ANCA-associated small vessels vasculitis","volume":"53","author":"Marzano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib19","first-page":"S41","article-title":"ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative phenotypes of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA): outcome and long-term follow-up of 50 patients from a single Polish center","volume":"32","author":"Sokolowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2733","article-title":"Henoch-Schonlein purpura: a literature review","volume":"97","author":"Hetland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib21","first-page":"321","article-title":"Henoch-Schonlein purpura with gastrointestinal involvement in an adult patient","volume":"12","author":"Kaswala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0223218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223218","article-title":"Risk factors associated with IgA vasculitis with nephritis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis) progressing to unfavorable outcomes: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2019.01.016","article-title":"Cryoglobulinaemia \u2013 an update in 2019","volume":"86","author":"Desbois","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-95","article-title":"Renal involvement in autoimmune connective tissue diseases","volume":"11","author":"Kronbichler","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.05.021","article-title":"Cutaneous features and diagnosis of primary Sjogren syndrome: an update and review","volume":"79","author":"Jhorar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283588dcf","article-title":"Renal disease in scleroderma: an update on evaluation, risk stratification, pathogenesis and management","volume":"24","author":"Shanmugam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8625-4","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of scleroderma and scleroderma-like disorders: a comprehensive review","volume":"53","author":"Ferreli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2018.04.004","article-title":"Systemic scelrosis: current concepts of skin and systemic manifestations","volume":"36","author":"Pearson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W17","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.8144","article-title":"Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis","volume":"199","author":"Kaewlai","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3410\/M2-84","article-title":"Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Braverman","year":"2010","journal-title":"F1000 Med Rep"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.77554","article-title":"Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a brief review","volume":"56","author":"Waikhom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib32","first-page":"1797","article-title":"Renal involvement in patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis","volume":"78","author":"Monov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8496-5","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations in dermatomyositis: key clinical and serological features-a comprehensive review","volume":"51","author":"Muro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05780616","article-title":"Update on lupus nephritis","volume":"8","author":"Almaani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000108969.21691.5D","article-title":"The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited","volume":"15","author":"Weening","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.126020","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: an update","volume":"5","author":"Gronhagen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib37","first-page":"330","article-title":"Manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"6","author":"Cojocaru","year":"2011","journal-title":"Maedica (Bucur)"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006050460","article-title":"Amyloidosis-associated kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Dember","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2013005","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2013.005","article-title":"Skin involvement in primary systemic amyloidosis","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S175150","article-title":"Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Ozkok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.886465","article-title":"Cholesterol embolization syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Kronzon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-00356-5","article-title":"COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 25th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Workgroup","volume":"16","author":"Nadim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2022042902161770200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19163","article-title":"Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases","volume":"183","author":"Casas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Kidney Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfab255\/42685907\/sfab255.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/15\/5\/855\/43462729\/sfab255.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/15\/5\/855\/43462729\/sfab255.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T02:22:03Z","timestamp":1651198923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/15\/5\/855\/6458367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfab255","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8505","2048-8513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8513","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]}}}