{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:26:54Z","timestamp":1789550814116,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007308","name":"Swedish Medical Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholm County Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Center for Innovative Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002997","name":"Dutch Kidney Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SB 142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SB 142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002997","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with stage 4\/5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer from various symptoms. The retention of uremic solutes is thought to be associated with those symptoms. However, there are relatively few rigorous studies on the potential links between uremic toxins and symptoms in patients with CKD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The EQUAL study is an ongoing observational cohort study of non-dialyzed patients with stage 4\/5 CKD. EQUAL patients from Germany, Poland, Sweden and the UK were included in the present study (n\u00a0=\u00a0795). Data and symptom self-report questionnaires were collected between April 2012 and September 2020. Baseline uric acid and parathyroid hormone and 10 uremic toxins were quantified. We tested the association between uremic toxins and symptoms and adjusted P-values for multiple testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptoms were more frequent in women than in men with stage 4\/5 CKD, while levels of various uremic toxins were higher in men. Only trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO; positive association with fatigue), p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) with constipation and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (negative association with shortness of breath) demonstrated moderately strong associations with symptoms in adjusted analyses. The association of phenylacetylglutamine with shortness of breath was consistent in both sexes, although it only reached statistical significance in the full population. In contrast, TMAO (fatigue) and PCS and phenylacetylglutamine (constipation) were only associated with symptoms in men, who presented higher serum levels than women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only a limited number of toxins were associated with symptoms in persons with stage 4\/5 CKD. Other uremic toxins, uremia-related factors or psychosocial factors not yet explored might contribute to symptom burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T20:16:24Z","timestamp":1638994584000},"page":"798-807","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The relationship between uremic toxins and symptoms in older men and women with advanced chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ziad A","family":"Massy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM UMRS 1018, Team5, Paris, France"},{"name":"University Versailles-Saint Quentin, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 91190, Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, CHU Ambroise Par\u00e9, APHP, 92104 Boulogne Billancourt Cedex, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas C","family":"Chesnaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERA Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islam Amine","family":"Larabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CHU, Raymond Poincare, Garches, and INSERM U\u20111173, UFR des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 Simone Veil, Montigny le Bretonneux, Universit\u00e9 de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedo W","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8650-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Unit, Department of Clinical Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fergus J","family":"Caskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Torino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFC-CNR, Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetana","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.O.M., \u00a0Bianchi\u00a0Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Szymczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Drechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9507-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Wanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kitty J","family":"Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERA Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Claude","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CHU, Raymond Poincare, Garches, and INSERM U\u20111173, UFR des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 Simone Veil, Montigny le Bretonneux, Universit\u00e9 de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"EQUAL study investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Torp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Iwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Perras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Drechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Wanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Emde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"Krieter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunja","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Irmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Platen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Schmidt-G\u00fcrtler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Schlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Naujoks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Schlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"C\u00e4sar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Beige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"R\u00f6thele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Blouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Neumeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Anding-Rost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lothar","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Hopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Wuttke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Frischmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawlos","family":"Ichtiaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Kirste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Aign","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Biribauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherin","family":"Manan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"R\u00f6ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Heidenreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Palm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Schwedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylke","family":"Delrieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Renker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Sch\u00e4ttel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schmiedeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Weinreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Til","family":"Leimbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"St\u00f6vesand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Bahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Seeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adamasco","family":"Cupisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelia","family":"Sagliocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Naticchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"C\u00f2saro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ranghino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Stucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Pignataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"De Blasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonello","family":"Pani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aris","family":"Tsalouichos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Bellasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biagio","family":"Raffaele Di Iorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Butti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cataldo","family":"Abaterusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Somma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"D'alessandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Torino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Zullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bergamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Ciurlino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Favaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Vigotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferruccio","family":"Ansali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferruccio","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Cianciotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Giacchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cappellaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Pizzarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetana","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Bigatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Marinangeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranca","family":"Cabiddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giordano","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Caloro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgina","family":"Piccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanbattista","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gambaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Tognarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bonforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goffredo","family":"Del Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Capizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivano","family":"Baragetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamberto","family":"Oldrizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loreto","family":"Gesualdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Biancone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Magnano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ricardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Di Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Laudato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Luisa Sirico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Ferraresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Provenzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moreno","family":"Malaguti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Murrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Dattolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pina","family":"Acampora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Nigro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Boero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Scarpioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Sicoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosella","family":"Malandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Savoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Bertoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Maxia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Maffei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Mangano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Cicchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Rappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Palazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Schrander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan","family":"van Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Siegert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Beerenhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis","family":"Verburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Janmaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Hoogeveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewout","family":"Hoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedo","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Boots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk","family":"Boom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Willem","family":"Eijgenraam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Kooman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Rotmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kitty","family":"Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liffert","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Raasveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Vervloet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjolijn","family":"van Buren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merel","family":"van Diepen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Chesnaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Leurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Voskamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Blankestijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadie","family":"van Esch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siska","family":"Boorsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantijn","family":"Konings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Aydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Musia\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Szymczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Olczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Augustyniak-Bartosik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Mi\u015bkowiec-Wi\u015bniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Manitius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Pondel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"J\u0119drzejak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Nowa\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Szymczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Durlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szyszkowska","family":"Dorota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Nieszporek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Heleniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Rogland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carin","family":"Wallquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denes","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Em\u00f6ke","family":"Dim\u00e9ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Sundelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Uhlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunilla","family":"Welander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Bascaran Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knut-Christian","family":"Gr\u00f6ntoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Stendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Heimburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavlos","family":"Kashioulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Melander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tora","family":"Almquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Woodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"McKeever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Harron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"O'Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Summersgill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Geddes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Glowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"McGlynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dympna","family":"Sands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fergus","family":"Caskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geena","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Hirst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houda","family":"Masri-Senghor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Murtagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Rayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Berdeprado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Banda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsteen","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Haydock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Carmody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Weetman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Joinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Dutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Bleakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cockwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Roderick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rincy","family":"Sajith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santee","family":"Navjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Crosbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Tickle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Mathavakkannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c74","DOI":"10.1159\/000183177","article-title":"Understanding symptoms in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease managed without dialysis: use of a short patient-completed assessment tool","volume":"111","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S137167","article-title":"Somatic symptom profiles in the general population: a latent class analysis in a Danish population-based health survey","volume":"23","author":"Eliasen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy155","article-title":"Uraemic symptom burden and clinical condition in women and men of \u226565 years of age with advanced chronic kidney disease: results from the EQUAL study","volume":"34","author":"van de Luijtgaarden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy167","article-title":"The impact of symptoms on health-related quality of life in elderly pre-dialysis patients: effect and importance in the EQUAL study","volume":"34","author":"Voskamp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x","article-title":"Review on uremic toxins: classification, concentration, and interindividual variability","volume":"63","author":"Vanholder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10060229","article-title":"Uremic toxins and clinical outcomes: the impact of kidney transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Liabeuf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327120945758","article-title":"Uremic solutes of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol enhance protease-activated receptor-2 expression in vitro and in vivo in keratinocytes","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1159\/000445429","article-title":"Increased levels of total p-cresylsulfate are associated with pruritus in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"232","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C701","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00098.2019","article-title":"Uremic metabolites impair skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics through disruption of the electron transport system and matrix dehydrogenase activity","volume":"317","author":"Thome","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66421-y","article-title":"Neurobehavioral effects of uremic toxin\u2013indoxyl sulfate in the rat model","volume":"10","author":"Karbowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6670","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186670","article-title":"The role of tryptophan metabolites in musculoskeletal stem cell aging","volume":"21","author":"Anaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5979","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21175979","article-title":"Modulation of the paracrine kynurenic system in bone as a new regulator of osteoblastogenesis and bone mineral status in an animal model of chronic kidney disease treated with lp533401","volume":"21","author":"Mor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.149","article-title":"Microbial modulation of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq476","article-title":"Sleep disorders, depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life\u2014a cross-sectional comparison between kidney transplant recipients and waitlisted patients on maintenance dialysis","volume":"26","author":"Kovacs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.10.007","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in patients after renal transplantation","volume":"45","author":"Molnar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.03.097","article-title":"Evaluation of effect of renal transplantation in treatment of restless legs syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Azar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.04.032","article-title":"Quantification of free and protein bound uremic toxins in human serum by LC-MS\/MS: comparison of rapid equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration","volume":"507","author":"Fabresse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs277","article-title":"The EQUAL study: a European study in chronic kidney disease stage 4 patients","volume":"27","author":"Jager","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2003.07.004","article-title":"Development of a symptom assessment instrument for chronic hemodialysis patients: the dialysis symptom index","volume":"27","author":"Weisbord","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002650","article-title":"Confounding: what it is and how to deal with it","volume":"73","author":"Jager","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib22","first-page":"301","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in human health","volume":"20","author":"G\u0105tarek","year":"2021","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121862","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease, gut dysbiosis, and constipation: a burdensome triplet","volume":"8","author":"Ikee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2019.02.004","article-title":"Bowel habits and the association with uremic toxins in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"30","author":"Ramos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.12.2274","article-title":"Effects of uremic toxins and fatty acids on serum protein binding of furosemide: possible mechanism of the binding defect in uremia","volume":"43","author":"Takamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp592","article-title":"Free p-cresylsulphate is a predictor of mortality in patients at different stages of chronic kidney disease","volume":"25","author":"Liabeuf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab004","article-title":"Free p-cresyl sulfate shows the highest association with cardiovascular outcome in chronic kidney disease","volume":"36","author":"Glorieux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.18030047","article-title":"Cognitive impairments and dysexecutive behavioral disorders in chronic kidney disease","volume":"30","author":"Puy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0246765","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246765","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis of uremic pruritus in patients on hemodialysis","volume":"16","author":"Bolanos","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000072019","article-title":"Prevalence and persistence of uremic symptoms in incident dialysis patients","volume":"1","author":"Rhee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6010180","article-title":"Neurological disorders in a murine model of chronic renal failure","volume":"6","author":"Chillon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2011.574699","article-title":"Family relations, mental health and adherence to nutritional guidelines in patients facing dialysis initiation","volume":"27","author":"Untas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00390-1","article-title":"Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health","volume":"50","author":"Courtenay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2010.00851.x","article-title":"Relationships between coping, coping resources and quality of life in patients with chronic illness: a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Kristofferzon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.05.029","article-title":"Gender and racial differences in stress, coping, and health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease","volume":"52","author":"Gemmell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy167","article-title":"The impact of symptoms on health-related quality of life in elderly pre-dialysis patients: effect and importance in the EQUAL study","volume":"34","author":"Voskamp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022033100263969400_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016004266.x","article-title":"Somatic symptom reporting in men and women","volume":"16","author":"Barsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Clinical Kidney Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfab262\/42903320\/sfab262.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/15\/4\/798\/43058005\/sfab262.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/15\/4\/798\/43058005\/sfab262.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T01:17:35Z","timestamp":1726276655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/15\/4\/798\/6459224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfab262","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8505","2048-8513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8513","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]}}}