{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:37:31Z","timestamp":1770835051303,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"FEDER","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Iceland was one of six European countries with an adjusted incidence of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in 2018 lower than 100 per million persons (pmp), along with Estonia, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia and Finland. It was also one of 10 countries with an adjusted KRT prevalence &amp;lt;900 pmp. Furthermore, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Iceland is up to 2.44-fold lower and the death rate from CKD up to 3.44-fold lower than in other countries with a low incidence of KRT, suggesting that the low KRT incidence actually reflects a low need for KRT rather than low uptake or availability of KRT. This identifies Iceland as a benchmark for countries trying to reduce KRT incidence. Iceland also represents one of the best genetically characterized populations in the world, facilitating studies on the influence of the genetic background versus environment and lifestyle on CKD. This issue of CKJ reports the incidence and risk factors for CKD in Icelandic adults. Diabetes, acute kidney injury, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, malignancy and major psychiatric illness were associated with an increased risk of incident CKD, as were obesity and sleep apnea in women. However, in 75% of incident CKD cases, CKD was first detected in category G3 or higher, emphasizing the need for new tools that allow an earlier diagnosis of CKD that precedes the loss of &amp;gt;50% of the functioning kidney mass and\/or wider use of albuminuria as a screening tool. The European Society of Cardiology just recommended assessing albuminuria for routine cardiovascular risk workups for all.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T12:25:08Z","timestamp":1646828708000},"page":"1221-1225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Benchmarking CKD: incidence of CKD in a European country with low prevalence of CKD and kidney replacement therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9805-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"RICORS2040 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab170","article-title":"European Kidney Patients' Federation (EKPF), Federaci\u00f3n Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Ri\u00f1\u00f3n (ALCER), et al. RICORS2040: the need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease","volume":"15","author":"Ortiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016\u201340 for 195 countries and territories","volume":"392","author":"Foreman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nefro.2018.09.002","article-title":"The Spanish Society of Nephrology (SENEFRO) commentary to the Spain GBD 2016 report: keeping chronic kidney disease out of sight of health authorities will only magnify the problem","volume":"39","author":"Ortiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfu118","article-title":"CKD hotspots around the world: where, why and what the lessons are. A CKJ review series","volume":"7","author":"Mart\u00edn-Cleary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab136","article-title":"Aguascalientes: one of the hottest chronic kidney disease (CKD) hotspots in mexico and a CKD of unknown aetiology mystery to be solved","volume":"14","author":"Villalvazo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa229","article-title":"High prevalence of end-stage renal disease of unknown origin in aguascalientes mexico: role of the registry of chronic kidney disease and renal biopsy in its approach and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Gutierrez-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz026","article-title":"access and disparities in kidney disease: chronic kidney disease hotspots and progress one step at a time","volume":"12","author":"Ortiz A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa218","article-title":"A roadmap for optimizing chronic kidney disease patient care and patient-oriented research in the eastern european nephrology community","volume":"14","author":"Sever","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa162","article-title":"Hypertensive nephropathy: a major roadblock hindering the advance of precision nephrology","volume":"13","author":"Carriazo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab056","article-title":"Genetic kidney diseases as an underrecognized cause of chronic kidney disease: the key role of international registry reports","volume":"14","author":"Torra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac051","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease: results of a nationwide study in iceland","author":"Jonsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa271","article-title":"The ERA-EDTA registry annual report 2018: a summary","volume":"14","author":"Kramer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"395","author":"GBD","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib14","author":"Wikipedia. List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita","year":"(8  2022,   )"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib15","first-page":"1160","article-title":"Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950\u20132019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0407-x","article-title":"A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals","volume":"51","author":"Wuttke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00180115","article-title":"Lifetime risk of stage 3\u20135 CKD in a community-based sample in Iceland","volume":"10","author":"Inker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib18","first-page":"348","article-title":"Lifetime risk of renal replacement therapy in europe: a population-based study using data from the ERA-EDTA registry","volume":"32","author":"van den Brand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz139","article-title":"Development and internal validation of a prediction model for hospital-acquired acute kidney injury","volume":"14","author":"Martin-Cleary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab210","article-title":"Use of nephrotoxic medications in adults with chronic kidney disease in Swedish and US routine care","volume":"15","author":"Bosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab240","article-title":"More on the invisibility of chronic kidney disease and counting","volume":"15","author":"Carriazo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab089","article-title":"Influence of doctors' perception on the diagnostic status of chronic kidney disease: results from 976\u2009409 individuals with electronic health records in China","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz001","article-title":"Sarcopenia in CKD: a roadmap from basic pathogenetic mechanisms to clinical trials","volume":"12","author":"Ortiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab273","article-title":"The ERA registry annual report 2019: summary and age comparisons","volume":"15","author":"Boenink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib25","author":"ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice","volume":"42","author":"Visseren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab096","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: renal outcomes according to baseline albuminuria","volume":"14","author":"Delanaye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfx023","article-title":"Clinical proteomics in kidney disease as an exponential technology: heading towards the disruptive phase","volume":"10","author":"Sanchez-Ni\u00f1o","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15940","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34386-8","article-title":"Novel urinary biomarkers for improved prediction of progressive egfr loss in early chronic kidney disease stages and in high risk individuals without chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ortiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022062300085773000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac054","article-title":"Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging allows non-invasive functional and structural evaluation of diabetic kidney disease","author":"Makvandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"}],"container-title":["Clinical Kidney Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfac074\/43434888\/sfac074.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/15\/7\/1221\/44142203\/sfac074.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/15\/7\/1221\/44142203\/sfac074.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:11:24Z","timestamp":1655943084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/15\/7\/1221\/6547018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfac074","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8505","2048-8513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8513","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]}}}