{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T05:22:03Z","timestamp":1778304123917,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009318","name":"Helmholtz Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008805","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NUM network and the COVIM","award":["01KX2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KX2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals on haemodialysis (HD) are more vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than the general population due to end-stage kidney disease\u2013induced immunosuppression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 26 HD patients experiencing SARS-CoV-2 infection after a third vaccination were matched 1:1 with 26 of 92 SARS-CoV-2-na\u00efve patients by age, sex, dialysis vintage and immunosuppressive drugs receiving a fourth vaccination with a messenger RNA\u2013based vaccine. A competitive surrogate neutralization assay was used to monitor vaccination success. To determine infection neutralization titres, Vero-E6 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs), Omicron sublineage BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50, serum dilution factor 1:x) was determined before, 4\u00a0weeks after and 6\u00a0months after the fourth vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 52 HD patients received four coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations and were followed up for a median of 6.3\u00a0months. Patient characteristics did not differ between the matched cohorts. Patients without a SARS-CoV-2 infection had a significant reduction of real virus neutralization capacity for all Omicron sublineages after 6\u00a0months (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001 each). Those patients with a virus infection did not experience a reduction in real virus neutralization capacity after 6\u00a0months. Compared with the other Omicron VoC, the BQ.1.1 sublineage had the lowest virus neutralization capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2-na\u00efve HD patients had significantly decreased virus neutralization capacity 6\u00a0months after the fourth vaccination, whereas patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection had no change in neutralization capacity. This was independent of age, sex, dialysis vintage and immunosuppression. Therefore, in infection-na\u00efve HD patients a fifth COVID-19 vaccination might be reasonable 6\u00a0months after the fourth vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T01:56:24Z","timestamp":1687658184000},"page":"2447-2460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 neutralization of Omicron BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1 after four vaccinations and the impact of breakthrough infections in haemodialysis patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Louise","family":"Platen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo-Hung","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Tellenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cho-Chin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Holzmann-Littig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine , Munich , Germany"},{"name":"TUM Medical Education Center, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine , Munich , 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