{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T19:54:30Z","timestamp":1789415670515,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Historically, nutrition intervention has been primarily focused on limiting kidney injury, reducing generation of uraemic metabolites, as well as maintaining nutrition status and preventing protein-energy wasting in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This forms an important rationale for prescribing restricted protein diet and restricted salt diet in patients with CKD. However, evidence supporting a specific protein intake threshold or salt intake threshold remains far from compelling. Some international or national guidelines organizations have provided strong or \u2018level 1\u2019 recommendations for restricted protein diet and restricted salt diet in CKD. However, it is uncertain whether salt or protein restriction plays a more central role in renal nutrition management. A key challenge in successful implementation or wide acceptance of a restricted protein diet and a restricted salt diet is patients\u2019 long-term dietary adherence. These challenges also explain the practical difficulties in conducting randomized trials that evaluate the impact of dietary therapy on patients\u2019 outcomes. It is increasingly recognized that successful implementation of a restricted dietary prescription or nutrition intervention requires a highly personalized, holistic care approach with support and input from a dedicated multidisciplinary team that provides regular support, counselling and close monitoring of patients. With the advent of novel drug therapies for CKD management such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors or non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, it is uncertain whether restricted protein diet and restricted salt diet may still be necessary and have incremental benefits. Powered randomized controlled trials with novel design are clearly indicated to inform clinical practice on recommended dietary protein and salt intake threshold for CKD in this new era.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T01:50:29Z","timestamp":1688089829000},"page":"1824-1833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["What is central to renal nutrition: protein or sodium intake?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2508-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela Yee-Moon","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, SAR , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mallamaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nefrologia and CNR Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6616-1996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmine","family":"Zoccali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Research Institute , New York , USA"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Biogem) , Ariano Irpino , Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Ipertensione Nefrologia Trapianto Renal (IPNET), Nefrologia , Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023103104561958600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07800621","article-title":"Assessing global kidney nutrition care","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc 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