{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:21:31Z","timestamp":1790461291261,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FAIR","award":["166185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["166185"]}]},{"name":"UK Charity","award":["1176388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1176388"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012041","name":"Versus Arthritis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008241","name":"Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alder Hey Charity"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000836","name":"University of Liverpool","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000291","name":"Kidney Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Paed_RP_008_20\u2009190\u2009926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Paed_RP_008_20\u2009190\u2009926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000291","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is the most common form of childhood vasculitis. Nephritis (IgAVN) occurs in 50% of patients and 1\u20132% progress to chronic kidney disease stage 5. The pathophysiology of nephritis remains largely unknown, but recent evidence suggests that the complement system may be involved. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore whether there is evidence of alternative and\/or lectin complement pathway activation in children with IgAVN.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children with IgAV were recruited and grouped according to proteinuria: IgAVN or IgAV without nephritis (IgAVwoN). Age and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were also recruited. Cross-sectional urine and plasma concentrations of complement factor D (CFD), factor B (CFB), and MBL-associated protease 1 (MASP-1) were performed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassays.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 50 children were included (IgAVN, n\u00a0=\u00a015; IgAVwoN, n\u00a0=\u00a020, HCs, n\u00a0=\u00a015). The mean age was 8.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7 years old, male:female ratio was 1:1. Urinary CFD and CFB concentrations were statistically significantly increased in children with IgAVN (3.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.4\u00a0\u03bcg\/mmol; 25.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a026.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mmol, respectively) compared to both IgAVwoN (0.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0\u03bcg\/mmol, P\u00a0=\u00a00.002; 9.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mmol, P\u00a0=\u00a00.004) and HCs (0.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/mmol, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001; 5.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.0\u00a0\u03bcg\/mmol, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). No statistically significant difference was reported for the plasma concentrations of CFD and CFB. Urinary MASP-1 concentrations were statistically significantly increased in IgAVN (116.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0116.7\u00a0ng\/mmol) compared to HCs (41.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a056.1\u00a0ng\/mmol, P\u00a0=\u00a00.006) and plasma MASP-1 concentrations were increased in IgAVwoN (254.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a023.3\u00a0ng\/mL) compared to HCs (233.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.6\u00a0ng\/mL, P\u00a0=\u00a00.046).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is evidence of complement pathway products in the urine of children with IgAVN that warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T01:42:48Z","timestamp":1694742168000},"page":"2703-2711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Urinary markers of the alternative and lectin complement pathway are increased in IgA vasculitis nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4954-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Marro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Chetwynd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK"},{"name":"Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hawkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J","family":"Northey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1532-2390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Oni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023120101571307900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214142","article-title":"Cardiovascular, thromboembolic and renal outcomes in IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura): a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected primary care data","volume":"78","author":"Tracy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2023120101571307900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00257","article-title":"Childhood IgA vasculitis (Henoch Schonlein Purpura)-advances and knowledge gaps","volume":"7","author":"Oni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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