{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:55:15Z","timestamp":1791615315868,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]],"date-time":"2024-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare inherited disease due to the mutation of the ATP7B gene, resulting in impaired hepatic copper excretion and its pathological accumulation in various organs such as the liver, the nervous system, or the kidneys. Whereas liver failure and neuropsychiatric disorders are the most common features, less is known about the renal complications. We conducted a review of the literature to define the characteristics and pathophysiology of kidney involvement during WD. This review shed light on strong evidence for direct copper toxicity to renal tubular cells. Excessive tubular copper accumulation might present with various degrees of tubular dysfunction, ranging from mild hydroelectrolytic and acid\u2013base disorders to complete Fanconi syndrome. Proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis also favors development of nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and bone metabolism abnormalities. Indirect complications might involve renal hypoperfusion as occurs in hepatorenal or cardiorenal syndrome, but also tubular casts\u2019 formation during acute hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, or bile cast nephropathy. Acute kidney failure is not uncommon in severe WD patients, and independently increases mortality. Finally, specific and long-term therapy by D-penicillamin, one of the most efficient drugs in WD, can cause glomerular injuries, such as membranous nephropathy, minimal-change disease, and, rarely, severe glomerulonephritis. Altogether, our study supports the need for interdisciplinary evaluation of WD patients involving nephrologists, with regular monitoring of tubular and glomerular functions, to provide adequate prevention of renal and bone involvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfae058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T19:40:55Z","timestamp":1710013255000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Kidney involvement in Wilson's disease: a review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Julien","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, Service de N\u00e9phrologie et Transplantation , Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre , France"},{"name":"Centre de Comp\u00e9tence Maladies Rares \u00abSyndrome N\u00e9phrotique Idiopathique\u00bb, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Fondation Rothschild, Service de Neurologie , Paris , France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la Maladie de Wilson et autres Maladies Rares Li\u00e9es au Cuivre , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Letavernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Tenon, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Come","family":"Tissandier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, Service de N\u00e9phrologie et Transplantation , Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre , France"},{"name":"Centre de Comp\u00e9tence Maladies Rares \u00abSyndrome N\u00e9phrotique Idiopathique\u00bb, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Mouawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, Service de N\u00e9phrologie et Transplantation , Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre , France"},{"name":"Centre de Comp\u00e9tence Maladies Rares \u00abSyndrome N\u00e9phrotique Idiopathique\u00bb, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Debray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Fondation Rothschild, Service de Neurologie , Paris , France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la Maladie de Wilson et autres Maladies Rares Li\u00e9es au Cuivre , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micka\u00ebl","family":"Obadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Fondation Rothschild, Service de Neurologie , Paris , France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la Maladie de Wilson et autres Maladies Rares Li\u00e9es au Cuivre , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lia","family":"Poujois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Fondation Rothschild, Service de Neurologie , Paris , France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la Maladie de Wilson et autres Maladies Rares Li\u00e9es au Cuivre , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0018-3","article-title":"Wilson disease","volume":"4","author":"Cz\u0142onkowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2017.05.011","article-title":"Characteristics and prevalence of Wilson's disease: a 2013 observational population-based study in France","volume":"42","author":"Poujois","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2022.101992","article-title":"Epidemiology, treatment and burden of Wilson disease in France: a 10-year analysis of the national health insurance database","volume":"46","author":"Daniel-Robin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-018-0309-9","article-title":"The global prevalence of Wilson disease from next-generation sequencing data","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12320","article-title":"Compliant treatment with anti-copper agents prevents clinically overt Wilson's disease in pre-symptomatic patients","volume":"21","author":"Dzie\u017cyc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro J of Neurology"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00004-8","article-title":"Investigation and management of Wilson's disease: a practical guide from the British Association for the Study of the Liver","volume":"7","author":"Shribman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.5.797","article-title":"Copper biochemistry and molecular biology","volume":"63","author":"Linder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib8","first-page":"699","article-title":"Nephrotoxic properties of copper under experimental conditions in mice: with special reference to the pathogenesis of the renal alterations in Wilson's disease","volume":"36","author":"Vogel","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38327","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038327","article-title":"Urinary copper elevation in a mouse model of Wilson's disease is a regulated process to specifically decrease the hepatic copper load","volume":"7","author":"Gray","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib10","first-page":"371","article-title":"Whole body scanning in medicine. II. Clinical aspects","volume":"87","author":"Simpson","year":"1962","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F53","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00314.2007","article-title":"Intracellular targeting of copper-transporting ATPase ATP7A in a normal and Atp7b\u2212\/\u2212 kidney","volume":"294","author":"Linz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1177\/44.8.8756759","article-title":"Direct visualization of copper-metallothionein in LEC rat kidneys: application of autofluorescence signal of copper-thiolate cluster","volume":"44","author":"Okabe","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.9.1665","article-title":"Null mutation of the murine ATP7B (Wilson disease) gene results in intracellular copper accumulation and late-onset hepatic nodular transformation","volume":"8","author":"Buiakova","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2009.00901.x","article-title":"Cell-specific trafficking suggests a new role for renal ATP7B in the intracellular copper storage","volume":"10","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626\u2013","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160531","article-title":"Wilson's Disease (a volume in the major problems in internal medicine series) By I. H. Scheinberg and I. Sternlieb Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1984 192 pp, illustrated, $35.00","volume":"16","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-194806000-00001","article-title":"Amino-aciduria in hepato-lenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease)","volume":"215","author":"Uzman","year":"1948","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-6-34","article-title":"Complications and management of acute copper sulphate poisoning; a case discussion","volume":"6","author":"Gamakaranage","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib18","first-page":"180","article-title":"Acute renal failure and methaemoglobinaemia due to copper sulphate poisoning","volume":"22","author":"Patel","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.53.615.18","article-title":"Acute renal failure following copper sulphate intoxication","volume":"53","author":"Chugh","year":"1977","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.10.016","article-title":"Association of copper exposure with prevalence of chronic kidney disease in older adults","volume":"41","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p105","DOI":"10.1159\/000083981","article-title":"Effect of heavy metals on, and handling by, the kidney","volume":"99","author":"Barbier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephron Physiol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.110.5.801","article-title":"The deposition of exogenous copper under experimental conditions with observations on its neurotoxic and nephrotoxic properties in relation to Wilson's disease","volume":"110","author":"Vogel","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib23","first-page":"217","article-title":"Copper deposition in the rat","volume":"69","author":"Wolff","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)91573-9","article-title":"Renal lesions in Wilson's disease","volume":"283","author":"Wolff","year":"1964","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2016.01.007","article-title":"Relationship of antioxidant and oxidative stress markers in different organs following copper toxicity in a rat model","volume":"293","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(99)00005-0","article-title":"Mechanism of hepatorenal syndrome in rats of Long-Evans Cinnamon strain, an animal model of fulminant Wilson's disease","volume":"132","author":"Nomiyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Elevated intracellular copper contributes a unique role to kidney fibrosis by lysyl oxidase mediated matrix crosslinking","volume":"11","author":"yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102254","article-title":"Investigation of the aminoaciduria in Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration): demonstration of a defect in renal function","volume":"29","author":"Cooper","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1960.00270170096012","article-title":"The renal biopsy in Wilson's disease","volume":"105","author":"Gilsanz","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-86-21124","article-title":"Uric acid in two patients with Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)","volume":"86","author":"Bishop","year":"1954","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1973.125","article-title":"Renal urate excretion in patients with Wilson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Wilson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050282","article-title":"Proteinuria and other renal functions in Wilson's disease","volume":"11","author":"S\u00f6zeri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103506","article-title":"Renal function in Wilson's disease","volume":"36","author":"Bearn","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(66)90116-1","article-title":"The renal lesion in Wilson's disease","volume":"40","author":"Reynolds","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-75-3-427","article-title":"Wilson's disease with reversible renal tubular dysfunction. Correlation with proximal tubular ultrastructure","volume":"75","author":"Elsas","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib36","first-page":"122","article-title":"The effect of chelation therapy on the amino aciduria and peptiduria of Wilson's disease","volume":"17","author":"Asatoor","year":"1983","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Lond"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib37","first-page":"395","article-title":"Renal clearances of different amino acids in Wilson's disease before and after treatment with penicillamine","volume":"190","author":"Schonheyder","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-197012000-00007","article-title":"Renal function in Wilson's disease: response to penicillamine therapy","volume":"260","author":"Leu","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198611000-00007","article-title":"Oral zinc therapy normalizes serum uric acid level in Wilson's disease patients","volume":"292","author":"Umeki","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2008.00919.x","article-title":"Long term follow-up of glomerular and tubular functions in liver transplanted patients with Wilson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Ozcay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)92227-7","article-title":"Effect of penicillamine on failure of renal acidification in Wilson's disease","volume":"291","author":"Walshe","year":"1968","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02758271","article-title":"Wilson's disease presenting as respiratory failure","volume":"73","author":"Narayanan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1159\/000189114","article-title":"Recurrent hypokalemic muscle weakness as an initial manifestation of Wilson's disease","volume":"73","author":"Chu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922809332684","article-title":"Recurrent limb weakness in a 17-year-old boy","volume":"48","author":"Thapa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib45","first-page":"36","article-title":"Recurrent limb weakness as initial presentation of Wilson's disease","volume":"26","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol Off J Indian Soc Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib46","first-page":"57","article-title":"Wilson's disease presenting with hypokalemia, hypoparathyroidism and renal failure","volume":"60","author":"Ghosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Assoc Phys Ind"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.23.6.487","article-title":"Effect of treatment on renal function in severe osteomalacia due to Wilson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Monro","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00352081","article-title":"Radiologic study of 42 cases of Wilson disease","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"1985","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.11.1961","article-title":"Decreased bone density, elevated serum osteoprotegerin, and beta-cross-laps in Wilson disease","volume":"17","author":"Hegedus","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195911000-00012","article-title":"Hypercalciuria in hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease)","volume":"238","author":"Litin","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1023\/B:UROL.0000034630.73124.36","article-title":"Rare presentation of Wilson's disease: a case report","volume":"36","author":"Kalra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00441555","article-title":"Hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis as a presenting sign in Wilson disease","volume":"148","author":"Azizi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32635-6","article-title":"Wilson's disease presenting as symptomatic urolithiasis: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"152","author":"Nakada","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e252290","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-252290","article-title":"Metabolic bone disease heralding the diagnosis of Wilson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Bhadada","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6233","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.6233","article-title":"Hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis as early feature of Wilson disease onset: description of a pediatric case and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Di Stefano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-68-4-770","article-title":"Defective urinary acidification in Wilson's disease","volume":"68","author":"Fulop","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)90399-1","article-title":"Renal stones in Wilson's disease","volume":"67","author":"Wiebers","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100362","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with Wilson's disease in the United States: a national survey","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0022-7","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Gin\u00e8s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.250","article-title":"Cardiorenal syndrome\u2014current understanding and future perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Braam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12418","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in Wilson disease: Review of the literature and description of three cases of sudden death","volume":"44","author":"Chevalier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J of Inher Metab Disea"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.08.025","article-title":"Wilson's disease and cardiac myopathy","volume":"120","author":"Grandis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000493231","article-title":"Bile cast nephropathy: a pathologic finding with manifold causes displayed in an adult with alcoholic steatohepatitis and in a child with Wilson's disease","volume":"8","author":"Torrealba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Nephrol Dial"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)30498-6","article-title":"Triethylene tetramine dihydrochloride toxicity in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"78","author":"Epstein","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib65","first-page":"489","article-title":"Trientine-induced rhabdomyolysis in an adolescent with Wilson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Aslan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med Peer-Rev Off Publ Indian Soc Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1984.tb00949.x","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic and renal failure complicating Wilson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Rector","year":"1984","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90465-4","article-title":"Copper-induced acute rhabdomyolysis in Wilson's disease","volume":"108","author":"Propst","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1286062","article-title":"Atypical presentation of Wilson disease","volume":"31","author":"Wadera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0012.7911","article-title":"Acute liver failure due to Wilson disease: eight years of the national liver transplant program in Uruguay","volume":"18","author":"Mainardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6088.660","article-title":"Fulminant Wilson's disease with haemolysis and renal failure: copper studies and assessment of dialysis regimens","volume":"2","author":"Hamlyn","year":"1977","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90274-X","article-title":"Fulminant Wilson's disease treated with postdilution hemofiltration and orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"90","author":"Rakela","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80322-5","article-title":"Albumin dialysis: effective removal of copper in a patient with fulminant Wilson disease and successful bridging to liver transplantation: a new possibility for the elimination of protein-bound toxins","volume":"31","author":"Kreymann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.35546","article-title":"Albumin dialysis and molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) for acute Wilson's disease","volume":"8","author":"Sen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5583654","article-title":"Management of acute Wilsonian hepatitis with severe hemolysis: a successful combination of chelation and MARS dialysis","volume":"2021","author":"Hassoun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Hepatol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182a853a3","article-title":"Effect of molecular adsorbents recirculating system treatment in children with acute liver failure caused by Wilson disease","volume":"58","author":"Rustom","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.38498257369.x","article-title":"Effective removal of copper by plasma exchange in fulminant Wilson's disease","volume":"38","author":"Kiss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.20118","article-title":"Therapeutic plasmapheresis as a bridge to liver transplantation in fulminant Wilson disease","volume":"22","author":"Jhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Apheresis"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21239","article-title":"Therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant hepatic failure secondary to Wilson's disease","volume":"27","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Apheresis"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-013-0979-x","article-title":"Plasma exchange for hemolytic crisis and acute liver failure in Wilson disease","volume":"81","author":"Verma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/672985","article-title":"Fulminant Wilson's disease managed with plasmapheresis as a bridge to liver transplant","volume":"2014","author":"Hilal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21396","article-title":"Report of the ASFA apheresis registry study on Wilson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Pham","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Apheresis"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3985823","article-title":"Plasmapheresis for fulminant Wilson's disease improves mental status and coagulopathy","volume":"2023","author":"Glover","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep Hepatol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1159\/000189412","article-title":"Wilson cirrhosis associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis","volume":"74","author":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib84","first-page":"501","article-title":"[Wilson disease, IgA glomerulonephritis and vascular purpura: an incidental association?]","volume":"50","author":"Sarles","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Fr Pediatr"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3265-5","article-title":"A special case of recurrent gross hematuria: answers","volume":"32","author":"Tu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s13730-018-0365-7","article-title":"Immunoglobulin A nephropathy secondary to Wilson's disease: a case report and literature review","volume":"8","author":"Shimamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"CEN Case Rep"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.5414\/CNCS110268","article-title":"IgA vasculitis with nephritis in cirrhotic Wilson disease: is there an association?","volume":"8","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol Case Stud"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01954-8","article-title":"Immunoglobulin a nephropathy as the first clinical presentation of Wilson disease: a case report and literature review","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.IJN_227_20","article-title":"IgA nephropathy with Wilson's disease: a case report and literature review","volume":"31","author":"Bhandari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-022-03159-8","article-title":"Wilson disease and IgA nephropathy: accidental or related?","volume":"54","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib91","first-page":"161","article-title":"Proteinuria in D-penicillamine-treated rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Crawhall","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2021.1956460","article-title":"Safety profile of D-penicillamine: a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis by FDA adverse event reporting system","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.087262","article-title":"Clinical presentation, diagnosis and long-term outcome of Wilson's disease: a cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Merle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02086822","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome induced by D-penicillamine therapy","volume":"11","author":"Jezersek","year":"1979","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2006.03.001","article-title":"Penicillamine and nephrotic syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Habib","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6629.1083","article-title":"Natural course of penicillamine nephropathy: a long term study of 33 patients","volume":"296","author":"Hall","year":"1988","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib97","first-page":"94","article-title":"D-penicillamine induced membranous glomerulonephritis in a child with Wilson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Theodoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(64)90096-8","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome associated with penicillamine therapy of Wilson's disease","volume":"36","author":"Adams","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)90940-4","article-title":"Management of penicillamine nephropathy in Wilson's disease: a new chelating agent","volume":"294","author":"Walshe","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-62-6-1297","article-title":"The nephrotic syndrome as a complication of penicillamine therapy for hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease)","volume":"62","author":"Hirschman","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00715.x","article-title":"Early onset of nephrotic syndrome after treatment with D-penicillamine in a patient with Wilson's disease","volume":"93","author":"Siafakas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib102","first-page":"55","article-title":"Wilson's disease treated with penicillamine and lupus erythematosus: related or distinct entities?","volume":"64","author":"Dell'era","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15936","article-title":"Proteinuria in a 6-year-old girl with Wilson disease: lessons learnt","volume":"58","author":"Narayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Paediatrics Child Health"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1159\/000182906","article-title":"Extracapillary glomerulonephritis with necrotizing vasculitis in D-penicillamine-treated rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"33","author":"Banfi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-82-5-673","article-title":"D-penicillamine induced Goodpasture's syndrome in Wilson's disease","volume":"82","author":"Sternlieb","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.05.026","article-title":"D-Penicillamine-induced ANCA-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis in Wilson disease","volume":"50","author":"Bienaim\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.5414\/CN108763","article-title":"D-penicillamine-induced ANA (+) ANCA (+) vasculitis in pediatric patients with Wilson's disease","volume":"85 (2016)","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib108","first-page":"e173","article-title":"a pediatric case of a D-penicillamine induced ANCA-associated vasculitis manifesting a pulmonary-renal syndrome","volume-title":"J Korean Med Sci","author":"kang","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01827-9","article-title":"Combined sodium Dimercaptopropanesulfonate and zinc versus D-penicillamine as first-line therapy for neurological Wilson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2322-y","article-title":"Renal impairment in different phenotypes of Wilson disease","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-008-0019-5","article-title":"Analysis of renal impairment in children with Wilson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Zhuang","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14653","article-title":"Urinary abnormalities in children and adolescents with Wilson disease before and during treatment with d-penicillamine","volume":"34","author":"Helmy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastro Hepatol"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00588-z","article-title":"Renal tubular function, bone health and body composition in Wilson's disease: a cross-sectional study from India","volume":"105","author":"Kapoor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2024042409481083400_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2019.22.4.392","article-title":"Wilson disease comorbid with hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type IV and Gitelman syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr"}],"container-title":["Clinical Kidney Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfae058\/56917465\/sfae058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/17\/4\/sfae058\/57316646\/sfae058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/17\/4\/sfae058\/57316646\/sfae058.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T19:12:15Z","timestamp":1731525135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfae058\/7625087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfae058","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8505","2048-8513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8513","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]]},"article-number":"sfae058"}}