{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:15:22Z","timestamp":1791321322709,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the risk factors for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) after glucocorticoid (GC) therapy in children with immune kidney diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective study included patients (1\u201318 years) diagnosed with immune kidney disease treated with GCs from January 2012 to July 2022 in our hospital. Data, such as sex, age and body weight at the first GC treatment, and the GC dose, were collected. Patients were divided into SONFH and non-SONFH groups based on the occurrence of SONFH. According to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, the disease diagnosis was searched on the clinical data webpage of our hospital. The descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. A nomogram was constructed to predict the risk of SONFH in children with immune kidney disease after GC treatment. The predictive ability of the nomogram was evaluated using the concordance index and calibration plots.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The SONFH and non-SONFH groups included 18 and 90 patients, respectively. Age at first GC treatment, 6-month cumulative [oral (po) plus intravenous (iv)] GC dose, total cumulative prednisone (po) dose, total cumulative methylprednisolone (iv) dose for pulse therapy and total cumulative GC (po plus iv) dose significantly differed between the two groups. Age at the initial GC treatment, total cumulative prednisone (po) dose and total cumulative methylprednisolone (iv) dose for pulse therapy were independent risk factors for SONFH in the multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study identified specific risk factors for developing SONFH during GC treatment. Thus, children with immune kidney disease undergoing GC treatment should be monitored closely based on these risk factors, with the aim to avoid irreversible damage to the femoral head.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T04:58:34Z","timestamp":1736830714000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk factors for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in children with immune kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders"},{"name":"China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Jiangxi Hospital Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Yuzhong District, Chongqing ,","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoshan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders"},{"name":"China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Jiangxi Hospital Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Yuzhong District, Chongqing ,","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders"},{"name":"China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Jiangxi Hospital Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Yuzhong District, Chongqing ,","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040309392524800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777697","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.777697","article-title":"Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head: novel insight into the roles of bone endothelial cells in pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025040309392524800_bib2","first-page":"404, 406\u20138","article-title":"Pathohistology of femoral head necrosis","volume":"36","author":"Delling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"2025040309392524800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.06.007","article-title":"Steroid induced osteonecrosis: an analysis of steroid dosing risk","volume":"9","author":"Powell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2025040309392524800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12193","article-title":"Joint Surgery Group of the Orthopaedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. 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