{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:24:33Z","timestamp":1787160273048,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SDAP-2019-036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAP-2019-036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Midwest Kidney Education and Research Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004426","name":"Atlantic Philanthropies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), we evaluated the prevalence and distribution of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its determinants in order to identify risk groups for population health planning in Ireland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were analysed from Wave 1 (2009\u20132011) of the TILDA, a national cohort of participants aged 50+ years who had both plasma creatinine and cystatin C measured at baseline. Kidney function was estimated using the 2012 and 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate &amp;lt;60\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73 m2. Multivariable logistic regression explored associations using adjusted odds ratios (OR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of CKD was significantly higher using the CKD-EPI 2012(Scr-CysC) compared with the CKD-EPI 2021(Scr-CysC) (14.7% vs 11.3%, respectively). The prevalence was highest in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) (33.9%), diabetes (28.0%), cancer (25.5%), urinary incontinence (23.7%), bone diseases (21.5%), hypertension (19.8%) and obesity (19.5%). In multivariable analysis, individuals with hypertension (OR 1.78), diabetes (OR 1.45), CVD (OR 1.43), cancer (OR 1.53), overweight (OR 1.37) and obesity (OR 2.33) experienced greater likelihood of CKD. In addition, individuals with a history of previous hospitalization (OR 1.50), free or subsidized healthcare (OR 1.31), and unemployed individuals (OR 1.86) were also significantly more likely to have CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with the national average, the burden of CKD is far greater in older individuals with major chronic conditions and socioeconomic deprivation. The identification and targeting of these groups through national surveillance programmes is likely to yield substantial benefits from more effective disease management and proactive population health planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T15:43:55Z","timestamp":1740498235000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of chronic kidney disease among community-dwelling adults, 50 years and older in Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7742-7980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meera","family":"Tandan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Limerick , Limerick ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9203-1212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonard D","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Limerick , Limerick ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick , Limerick ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Limerick , Limerick ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colm","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Moriarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeon in Ireland , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin G","family":"Stack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Limerick , Limerick ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick , Limerick ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Limerick , Limerick ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib1","volume-title":"The Lancet: Latest Global Disease Estimates Reveal Perfect Storm of Rising Chronic Diseases and Public Health Failures Fuelling COVID-19 Pandemic [Internet]","author":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0230512","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230512","article-title":"The impact of chronic kidney disease on developed countries from a health economics perspective: a systematic scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Elshahat","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories","volume":"392","author":"Foreman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2021.160","article-title":"Major trends in population growth around the world","volume":"3","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib6","volume-title":"Census of Population 2022\u2013Summary Results: Population Changes CSO","author":"Central Statistic Office","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158765","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158765","article-title":"Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease\u2013a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2014.07.002","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in chronic kidney disease","volume":"22","author":"Nicholas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30788-2","article-title":"Global kidney health 2017 and beyond: a roadmap for closing gaps in care, research, and policy","volume":"390","author":"Levin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.07.003","article-title":"Reducing major risk factors for chronic kidney disease","volume":"7","author":"Luyckx","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015050542","article-title":"CKD prevalence varies across the European general population","volume":"27","author":"Br\u00fcck","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.018","article-title":"Geographic variation in CKD prevalence and ESRD incidence in the United States: results from the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study","volume":"61","author":"Tanner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-13-144","article-title":"Prevalence of diminished kidney function in a representative sample of middle and older age adults in the Irish population","volume":"13","author":"Browne","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-185","article-title":"Prevalence and variation of chronic kidney disease in the Irish health system: initial findings from the National Kidney Disease Surveillance Programme","volume":"15","author":"Stack","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib15","volume-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease in Community-dwelling Adults Aged 50+ Years in Ireland: a Report from TILDA and the National Renal Office","author":"Nowak","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.38018\/TildaRe.2010-00","article-title":"The design of the Irish longitudinal study on ageing","author":"Kenny","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib17","article-title":"Ireland 2011: First","volume-title":"Fifty plus in","author":"Barrett","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib18","article-title":"The Irish longitudinal study on Ageing (TILDA) Wave 1, 2009-2011","author":"TILDA","year":"2009"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib19","author":"TILDA","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib20","author":"Canney","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"3","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Group","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","article-title":"New creatinine-and cystatin C\u2013based equations to estimate GFR without race","volume":"385","author":"Inker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019030238","article-title":"CKD: a call for an age-adapted definition","volume":"30","author":"Delanaye","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S265","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12199","article-title":"Design and methodology of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing","volume":"61","author":"Whelan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000351043","article-title":"Estimating the glomerular filtration rate in the general population using different equations: effects on classification and association","volume":"123","author":"Pattaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.121","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"6","author":"Van Der Zee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.13111215","article-title":"Diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular outcomes in the Jackson Heart Study","volume":"11","author":"Afkarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000323740","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in cancer patients: an independent predictor of cancer-specific mortality","volume":"33","author":"Na","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21636","article-title":"Onconephrology: the intersections between the kidney and cancer","volume":"71","author":"Rosner","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-024-04130-5","article-title":"Prevalence of kidney disease in patients with different types of cancer or hematological malignancies: a cross-sectional study","volume":"56","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0610-9","article-title":"Gout and risk of chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis: meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"17","author":"Roughley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00346-4","article-title":"Prevalence of renal impairment in a US commercially insured rheumatoid arthritis population: a retrospective analysis","volume":"8","author":"Giles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib33","first-page":"2035","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and prognosis of chronic kidney disease classified according to current guidelines: a large retrospective cohort study of rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"32","author":"Tokoroyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002586","article-title":"Association between obesity and kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.06.007","article-title":"Obesity and prevalent and incident CKD: the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program","volume":"46","author":"Kramer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.629","article-title":"Obesity and chronic kidney disease: a current review","volume":"9","author":"Nawaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2022.100568","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity and CKD among adults in the United States, 2017-2020","volume":"5","author":"Friedman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac051","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors of chronic kidney disease: results of a nationwide study in Iceland","volume":"15","author":"Jonsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.33590\/emj\/10312319","article-title":"The role of gender in chronic kidney disease","volume":"1","author":"Goldberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Med J"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.11.009","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with CKD: a population study from Beijing","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-117","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in population-based studies: systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-023-00843-9","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in the management of chronic kidney disease and hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Mayne","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2022030373","article-title":"Sex differences in the recognition, monitoring, and management of CKD in health care: an observational cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Swartling","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209815","article-title":"Associations between socioeconomic status and chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17338-4","article-title":"Association between prevalence and severity of chronic kidney disease and employment status: a nationwide study in Korea","volume":"24","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2017.1395814","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and socio-economic status: a cross sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Ritte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"key":"2025040309505773300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["Clinical Kidney Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf065\/62310188\/sfaf065.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/18\/3\/sfaf065\/62310188\/sfaf065.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/18\/3\/sfaf065\/62310188\/sfaf065.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T06:48:40Z","timestamp":1743662920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf065\/8058883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8505","2048-8513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8513","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"article-number":"sfaf065"}}