{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:54:45Z","timestamp":1777953285972,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDF-2018-11-ST2-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDF-2018-11-ST2-009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most older people with advanced kidney disease face a decision between conservative kidney management (CKM) or dialysis and must weigh their potential benefits, risks and impacts on quality and length of life. Patient information documents are designed to supplement patients\u2019 understanding of their kidney disease and explain treatment options to support decision-making. We aimed to explore how patient information documents frame the treatment options of CKM and dialysis and consider implications for patients\u2019 treatment choice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a qualitative document analysis of patient information documents collected from four UK renal outpatient departments with variation in rates of CKM for people \u226575\u00a0years of age. Data were analysed using critical discourse analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three global themes were identified: 1) Treatment options are not presented equally: Dialysis was constructed as the assumed patient choice. CKM was often omitted as an option; when included, it was always mentioned last and was typically constructed negatively. 2) Deciding is challenging: Treatment decision-making, particularly choosing CKM, was portrayed as a challenge requiring emotional support, with clinicians the ultimate decision-maker. 3) Dialysis is living, CKM is dying: Patient information documents presented patients as living with one treatment option choice (dialysis) and dying with another (CKM). Advance care planning, palliative care and information about dying were presented only in the context of CKM, implying these were irrelevant topics for people choosing dialysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient information documents presented unbalanced explanations of dialysis and CKM. Dialysis was framed as \u2018treatment\u2019 and possible complications were minimized. CKM was framed as \u2018non-treatment\u2019 and linked to advance care planning, palliative care and death. Inaccurate framing of both CKM and dialysis may mean patients exclude treatment options that may be more concordant with their goals, values and preferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T07:53:13Z","timestamp":1747036393000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["How do patient information documents present dialysis and conservative kidney management? A document analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6348-8563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryann","family":"Sowden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative and End of Life Care Research Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative and End of Life Care Research Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Robb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative and End of Life Care Research Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Winterbottom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Bristowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilary L","family":"Bekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Tulsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Department of Supportive Oncology, , Boston , MA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Palliative Care, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fliss E M","family":"Murtagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School , Hull ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fergus J","family":"Caskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-2699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy E","family":"Selman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative and End of Life Care Research Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050410515658600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13125","article-title":"Access to kidney transplantation in European adults aged 75\u201384 years and related outcomes: an analysis of the European Renal Association\u2013European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry","volume":"31","author":"Pippias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"2026050410515658600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad196","article-title":"Choosing conservative care in advanced chronic kidney disease: A scoping review of patients\u2019 perspectives","volume":"39","author":"Jongejan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026050410515658600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac010","article-title":"Survival of patients who opt for dialysis versus conservative care: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Voorend","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026050410515658600_bib4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does conservative kidney management offer a quantity or quality of life benefit compared to dialysis? 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