{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:15:07Z","timestamp":1790252107737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD0016\/009\/009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD0016\/009\/009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD24\/004\/0028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD24\/004\/0028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Uni\u00f3n Europea","award":["RD0016\/009\/009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD0016\/009\/009"]}]},{"name":"Uni\u00f3n Europea","award":["RD24\/0004\/0028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD24\/0004\/0028"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Puerta de Hierro-Segovia Arana"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Anemia and iron deficiency (ID) are common and significant complications in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) that can affect their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and outcomes. Current anemia guidelines equate the post-transplant situation with the anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in non-transplanted persons, not acknowledging relevant differences ranging from pathophysiology to clinical manifestation. Nephrologists caring for these patients tend to pay less attention to post-transplant anemia (PTA) and ID than in non-transplanted persons with CKD. In this narrative review we summarize the available evidence about PTA and ID and their specifics in KTRs, including associations with patient and graft survival and poorer HRQoL. The prevalence of anemia is higher in KTRs than in non-transplanted patients with CKD for a given level of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to kidney transplant (KT)-specific pathophysiological factors. ID should be detected and corrected in KTRs using oral or intravenous (IV) iron. Some IV iron formulations are associated with an increased risk of hypophosphatemia a typical complication in KTRs. Current guidelines suggest the same hemoglobin targets for erythropoiesis stimulating agent therapy in transplanted and non-transplanted patients, despite the fact that a higher hemoglobin target has been associated with a slower estimated GFR decline in KT. There are insufficient data to recommend the widespread use of hypoxia-inducible factor\u2013prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors in PTA. Red blood cell transfusions should be avoided to minimize alosensitization. We call for increased awareness and targeted trials on anemia and ID in KTRs, accounting for the diverse and specific profiles of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T15:42:45Z","timestamp":1755618165000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anemia and iron deficiency in post-kidney transplantation: an unsolved challenge"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2114-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Portol\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Nephrology & Transplantation, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain Anaemia Working Group of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (S.E.N.), Transplant Working Group of S.E.N. (SENTRA), Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7544-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Oberbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2484-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele F","family":"Eisenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Nephrology, University of Groningen , The","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6962-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleix","family":"Cases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Anaemia Working Group the of Spanish Society of Nephrology , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8701-8171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Ma\u0142yszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine at Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Choukroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Dialysis and Transplantation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6992-6379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof Nephrology & Transplantation Dept Hospital del Mar, Transplant Working Group of Spanish Society of Nephrology (SENTRA) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3823-0920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Uwe","family":"Eckardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5686-2089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Minutolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Campania \u2018Luigi Vanvitelli\u2019 Prof Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, , Naples 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