{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:54:14Z","timestamp":1788875654276,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer AG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Finerenone improves cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), but real-world data are limited. The FINE-REAL study (NCT05348733) is examining the use of finerenone (10 or 20\u00a0mg) in participants with CKD and T2D in routine clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FINE-REAL is an ongoing global, prospective, single-arm, non-interventional study. This preplanned interim analysis was conducted 2\u00a0years after the first participant first visit. Assessments included demographics, concomitant medications and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were available for 1916 participants with a median age of 68\u00a0years [interquartile range (IQR) 59\u201374], 65% male, with a median follow-up of 260\u00a0days (IQR 139\u2013357). The baseline mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation) was 54\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73\u00a0m2 (standard deviation 24) and the median urine albumin:creatinine ratio was 293\u00a0mg\/g (IQR 86\u2013783). Prior\/concomitant medications included renin\u2013angiotensin system inhibitors (73%), sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (53%) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (29%). Finerenone 10\u00a0mg\/day was initiated in 1548 (81%) participants and 367 (19%) were initiated on 20\u00a0mg\/day. During follow-up, 404 of the 1548 participants starting at 10\u00a0mg (26%) increased their dose to 20\u00a0mg. Finerenone was continuously administered for up to 1\u00a0year in 85% of participants, interrupted in 6% and discontinued in 13%. The most common adverse events were hyperkalaemia (8% of participants; leading to discontinuation in 1% and hospitalization in 0.3%; fatal in none), urinary tract infection (4%) and urogenital tract haemorrhage (including haematuria) (3%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this real-world population, most participants initiated finerenone at 10\u00a0mg and remained on that dose. Finerenone was well tolerated and safety was consistent with the known profile of the drug. This interim analysis and future data from FINE-REAL will help to guide decision-making regarding the use of finerenone in participants with CKD and T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T11:53:38Z","timestamp":1759492418000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dosing, treatment patterns and safety of finerenone use in routine care: an interim analysis of the prospective, real-world and observational FINE-REAL study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"David C","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M","family":"Pantalone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Department of Endocrinology, , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Department of Endocrinology, , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nihar R","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital , New Haven, CT ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Correa-Rotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, , Mexico City ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne B","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles Department of Medicine, , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4378-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University College of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihe","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Medical Affairs \u2013 Cardiovascular-Renal, Bayer US LLC , Whippany, NJ ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Statistics and Analytics, Bayer US LLC , Whippany, NJ ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Horvat-Broecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer AG , Wuppertal ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Merz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical and Evidence Cardiology, Bayer AG , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9507-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Wanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg Department of Clinical Studies and Epidemiology, , W\u00fcrzburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4953-7795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sankar D","family":"Navaneethan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13355","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of chronic kidney disease as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1990 to 2017: estimates from global burden of disease 2017","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45615","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45615","article-title":"The bidirectional link between diabetes and kidney disease: mechanisms and management","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2023.29.1.80","article-title":"Descriptive study of the economic burden among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large US commercially insured population","volume":"29","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2137","article-title":"The impact of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease on life expectancy and direct medical cost in a 10-year diabetes cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00570-3","article-title":"An update on the global disparities in kidney disease burden and care across world countries and regions","volume":"12","author":"Bello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib6","volume-title":"Diabetes","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.17379","article-title":"Development of risk prediction equations for incident chronic kidney disease","volume":"322","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025845","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Bakris","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15770","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66655-0","article-title":"Impact of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease on the mid-term adverse outcomes in diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases","volume":"14","author":"Chou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398188","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2398188","article-title":"Risk factors for rapid kidney function decline in diabetes patients","volume":"46","author":"Xing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.04.004","article-title":"Incremental risk of cardiovascular disease and\/or chronic kidney disease for future ASCVD and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: ACCORD trial","volume":"33","author":"Branch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6984","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12226984","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"12","author":"Swamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2023.100604","article-title":"CKD progression risk and subsequent cause of death: a population-based cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Rai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad083","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease: a review from the European renal and cardiovascular medicine working group of the European Renal Association","volume":"119","author":"Zoccali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.321762","article-title":"Hypertension as cardiovascular risk factor in chronic kidney disease","volume":"132","author":"Burnier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0041","article-title":"Cardiovascular and kidney risks in individuals with type 2 diabetes: contemporary understanding with greater emphasis on excess adiposity","volume":"47","author":"Sattar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.321752","article-title":"Endothelial cell dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"132","author":"Baaten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040455","article-title":"Oxidative stress: a culprit in the progression of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61350-6","article-title":"Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"380","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.536","article-title":"Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A collaborative meta-analysis of high-risk population cohorts","volume":"79","author":"van der Velde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8871-2_1","article-title":"Prevalence and disease burden of chronic kidney disease","volume":"1165","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12198","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity promotes kidney endothelial stiffening and fibrosis dependent on the endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor","volume":"73","author":"Aroor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107796","article-title":"Vascular mineralocorticoid receptor activation and disease","volume":"188","author":"Barrera-Chimal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw132","article-title":"A randomized controlled study of finerenone vs. eplerenone in patients with worsening chronic heart failure and diabetes mellitus and\/or chronic kidney disease","volume":"37","author":"Filippatos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e076444","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076444","article-title":"Finerenone cardiovascular and kidney outcomes by age and sex: FIDELITY post hoc analysis of two phase 3, multicentre, double-blind trials","volume":"14","author":"Bansal","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab777","article-title":"Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000091","article-title":"Finerenone, a novel selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist protects from rat cardiorenal injury","volume":"64","author":"Kolkhof","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht187","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of the novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist BAY 94-8862 in patients with chronic heart failure and mild or moderate chronic kidney disease: a randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"34","author":"Pitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110956","article-title":"Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Pitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib30","article-title":"KERENDIA (finerenone) tablets, for oral use: US prescribing information","author":"Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib31","article-title":"Kerendia summary of product characteristics","author":"Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0027","article-title":"Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)","volume":"45","author":"de Boer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.08.002","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan\u20142022 update","volume":"28","author":"Blonde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108411","article-title":"Design and rationale of FINE-REAL: a prospective study of finerenone in clinical practice","volume":"37","author":"Desai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-024-02070-y","article-title":"First interim results from FINE-REAL: a prospective, non-interventional, phase 4 study providing insights into the use and safety of finerenone in a routine clinical setting","volume":"37","author":"Nicholas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021091284","article-title":"Removing race from kidney disease diagnosis","volume":"32","author":"Quaggin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","article-title":"New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race","volume":"385","author":"Inker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.02.010","article-title":"Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus conference","volume":"97","author":"Levey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199920020-00002","article-title":"The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA)","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051898","article-title":"Finerenone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"143","author":"Filippatos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib42","article-title":"Code of Federal Regulations. 21 CFR \u00a7 11.1","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2012"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib43","first-page":"141","article-title":"An empirical transition matrix for non-homogeneous Markov chains based on censored observations","volume":"5","author":"Aalen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scand J Stat"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21501327211003683","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211003683","article-title":"Optimal early diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: addressing the barriers to albuminuria testing","volume":"12","author":"Christofides","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"2025110903163920700_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKD Work Group","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025110903163920700_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S239","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S011","article-title":"11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes\u20142025","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110535","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110535","article-title":"Primary care detection of chronic kidney disease in adults with type-2 diabetes: the ADD-CKD Study (awareness, detection and drug therapy in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease)","volume":"9","author":"Szczech","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1918169","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18169","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease among adults and children: an analysis of the CURE-CKD registry","volume":"2","author":"Tuttle","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15194","article-title":"Prescription of guideline-directed medical therapies in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease from the CURE-CKD Registry, 2019\u20132020","volume":"25","author":"Nicholas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac315","article-title":"Use of sodium\u2013glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists according to the 2019 ESC guidelines and the 2019 ADA\/EASD consensus report in a national population of patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02381-3","article-title":"Barriers to initiating SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease: a real-world study","volume":"22","author":"Jeong","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410659","article-title":"Finerenone with empagliflozin in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"393","author":"Agarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025110903163920700_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067584","article-title":"Estimated lifetime cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality benefits of combination treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal MRA compared with conventional care in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria","volume":"149","author":"Neuen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Clinical Kidney Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf305\/64518874\/sfaf305.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/18\/11\/sfaf305\/64518874\/sfaf305.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/18\/11\/sfaf305\/64518874\/sfaf305.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T08:16:42Z","timestamp":1762676202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf305\/8275747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf305","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8505","2048-8513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8513","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"article-number":"sfaf305"}}