{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:10:50Z","timestamp":1779905450141,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012775","name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased tissue sodium (Na+) concentration is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) including hypertension, inflammation and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). 23-Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23Na-MRI) can non-invasively quantify tissue Na+ concentration. However, in the CKD population, few studies have evaluated relationships between 23Na-MRI-derived tissue Na+ concentrations and measures of Na+ metabolism, surrogate markers of CVD and other CKD-related health complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study, involving 51 participants with CKD (28 with non-dialysis CKD, 23 on dialysis), to explore relationships between 23Na-MRI-derived tissue Na+ concentrations (including skin, bone, muscle and whole leg-tissue), measures of Na+ metabolism and CKD-related health outcomes. Multivariable regression and correlation analyses were used to assess associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skin and whole leg-tissue Na+ concentrations were positively associated with surrogate cardiovascular markers of troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.05). Bone and whole leg-tissue Na+ concentrations were negatively associated with bone mineral density. Higher muscle Na+ concentration was associated with lower levels of physical well-being. Tissue Na+ concentration was positively correlated with extracellular fluid volume as measured by proton (1H) MRI (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.001) and body composition monitor (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whole leg-tissue Na+ in addition to skin Na+ concentration may be a useful clinical marker of body Na+ with related health outcomes. Tissue Na+ may play a role in CVD, bone health and quality of life in people with CKD, representing a potential therapeutic target to improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T07:05:10Z","timestamp":1762671910000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging determination of tissue sodium across the CKD spectrum\u2014associations and implications for health"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1144-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kylie","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Department of Nephrology, , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (RMH), , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Venkatraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (RMH), , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Parkville Department of Radiology, , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven-Jean","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Department of Nephrology, , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (RMH), , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy D","family":"Hewitson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Department of Nephrology, , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (RMH), , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (RMH), , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Parkville Department of Radiology, , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel D","family":"Toussaint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Department of Nephrology, , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (RMH), , Melbourne, Vic ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121003314651700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.223","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. 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