{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:19:22Z","timestamp":1790389162502,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008967","name":"Philipps-University Marburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergoing hemodialysis frequently experience stress, physical discomfort, depressive symptoms and prolonged immobility during lengthy treatment sessions. Immersive virtual reality (VR) has shown promise as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve wellbeing in various clinical settings. However, no multicenter study has examined personalized immersive VR in dialysis patients. This study therefore aimed to assess the tolerability and effects of a single personalized VR session on wellbeing, pain and physiological parameters in patients undergoing hemodialysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pre\u2013post single group pilot study, 148 participants from 12 dialysis centers (10 outpatient, 2 in-hospital) were enrolled. Each patient completed one personalized 20-min VR session, selecting from 20 immersive 360\u00b0 options. Emotional wellbeing and pain were assessed before and after VR exposure, while treatment tolerance, perceived quality and feasibility were assessed post-session. Physiological parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation) were recorded before, during and after exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 148 enrolled participants, 143 completed the intervention (mean age 62.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.5 years; 64.9% male and 35.1% female). Wellbeing improved significantly; among participants reporting pain, scores decreased by \u223c50%. Systolic blood pressure declined from 135 to 128 mmHg and diastolic from 72 to 69 mmHg during VR exposure, with heart rate decreasing from a mean of 72 to 67 bpm (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.0001 for all); values returned toward baseline afterwards. No serious adverse events were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Personalized VR was well tolerated and produced measurable psychological and physiological benefits in dialysis patients, supporting its potential as a feasible non-pharmacological adjunct to routine care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T13:23:59Z","timestamp":1764768239000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Personalized virtual reality in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2799-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Russ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Marburg University, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Marburg University, Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo T","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Marburg University, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1839-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Bedenbender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Marburg University, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Maeske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinikum Fulda gAG, Marburg University, Campus Fulda Department of Nephrology, , Fulda ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Einloft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Marburg University, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik L","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Marburg University, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Ganser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Marburg University, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Bange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Marburg University , Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) & Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marburg University, Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marburg University , Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Marburg University, Center for Personalized Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Benoehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinikum Fulda gAG, Marburg University, Campus Fulda Department of Nephrology, , Fulda ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9017-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivica","family":"Grgic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Marburg University, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Marburg University, Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz174","article-title":"A single number for advocacy and communication\u2014worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases","volume":"34","author":"Jager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"Bikbov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8871-2_1","article-title":"Prevalence and disease burden of chronic kidney disease","volume-title":"Renal Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Therapies","author":"Lv","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158765","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158765","article-title":"Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization","volume":"351","author":"Go","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0315-4","article-title":"The current and future landscape of dialysis","volume":"16","author":"Himmelfarb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.08.024","article-title":"Association between depression and mortality in patients receiving long-term dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Farrokhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2006.10.001","article-title":"The prevalence of symptoms in end-stage renal disease: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Murtagh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.07.035","article-title":"A survey on end-of-life contemplation among patients on dialysis","volume":"9","author":"Russwurm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.77","article-title":"Prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"84","author":"Palmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016\u201340 for 195 countries and territories","volume":"392","author":"Foreman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377960820936163","DOI":"10.1177\/2377960820936163","article-title":"Virtual reality and symptoms management of anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Ioannou","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nurs"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01156-1","article-title":"Virtual reality therapy in social anxiety disorder","volume":"22","author":"Emmelkamp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15202","article-title":"Virtual reality for acute and chronic pain management in adult patients: a narrative review","volume":"76","author":"Chuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01176-z","article-title":"Virtual and augmented reality in intensive care medicine: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Kanschik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004165","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of virtual reality in pediatrics: effects on pain and anxiety","volume":"129","author":"Eijlers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2022.104323","article-title":"Effectiveness of virtual reality in cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"133","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae281","article-title":"Exploring the metaverse: opportunities for nephrology in patient care and education","volume":"40","author":"Zoccali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12788","article-title":"Intradialytic virtual reality exercise: increasing physical activity through technology","volume":"32","author":"Segura-Ort\u00ed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082321","article-title":"Impact of effectiveness of physical activity in a virtual environment on the regulation of sclerostin and interleukin 6 levels in haemodialysis patients","volume":"13","author":"Turo\u0144-Skrzypi\u0144ska","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39709-y","article-title":"Impact of virtual reality exercises on anxiety and depression in hemodialysis","volume":"13","author":"Turo\u0144-Skrzypi\u0144ska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0005522020","article-title":"Mindfulness-based virtual reality intervention in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study on end-user perceptions and safety","volume":"2","author":"Hernandez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3390\/kidneydial3030026","article-title":"Virtual reality mindfulness and personalized exercise for patients on hemodialysis with depressive symptoms: a feasibility study","volume":"3","author":"Burrows","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Dial"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx109","article-title":"Innovative technology using virtual reality in the treatment of pain: does it reduce pain via distraction, or is there more to it?","volume":"19","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.06.013","article-title":"Manipulating presence influences the magnitude of virtual reality analgesia","volume":"111","author":"Hoffman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007396","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1007396","article-title":"Understanding how virtual reality forest experience promote physiological and psychological health for patients undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"13","author":"Hsieh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15222","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121214984","article-title":"Physiological and psychological effects of a forest therapy program on middle-aged females","volume":"12","author":"Ochiai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00116.x","article-title":"Physical activity levels in patients on hemodialysis and healthy sedentary controls","volume":"57","author":"Johansen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10850917","article-title":"Symptom prioritization among adults receiving in-center hemodialysis: a mixed methods study","volume":"13","author":"Flythe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f167","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f167","article-title":"Patient reported outcome measures could help transform healthcare","volume":"346","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0303_3","article-title":"Simulator sickness questionnaire: an enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness","volume":"3","author":"Kennedy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Aviation Psychol"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.01.038","article-title":"A narrative review of management strategies for common symptoms in advanced CKD","volume":"6","author":"Metzger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2024.151841","article-title":"The effect of virtual reality glasses on pain and patient satisfaction in arteriovenous fistula cannulation procedure","volume":"79","author":"\u015een","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203670","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1203670","article-title":"Virtual reality for pain management: an umbrella review","volume":"10","author":"Viderman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6126","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14176126","article-title":"Mechanisms of virtual reality-based relaxation in older adults: a scoping review","volume":"14","author":"Cie\u015blik","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001900","article-title":"Virtual reality: physiological and behavioral mechanisms to increase individual pain tolerance limits","volume":"161","author":"Colloca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039720","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1039720","article-title":"Virtual reality in chemotherapy support for the treatment of physical functions, fear, and quality of life in pediatric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Czech","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0052","article-title":"Virtual reality for the induction of positive emotions in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a pilot study over acceptability, satisfaction, and the effect of virtual reality on mood","volume":"17","author":"Herrero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12083","article-title":"A virtual reality system combined with biofeedback for treating pediatric chronic headache\u2014a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Shiri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0057","article-title":"Differential effects of two virtual reality interventions: distraction versus pain control","volume":"17","author":"Loreto-Quijada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib41","first-page":"516","article-title":"The use of virtual reality for coping with pain with healthy participants","volume":"24","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Maldonado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26040","DOI":"10.2196\/26040","article-title":"Pediatric coping during venipuncture with virtual reality: pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Canares","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Pediatr Parent"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-020-00856-7","article-title":"Effects of forest bathing on pre-hypertensive and hypertensive adults: a review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Yau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03266-6","article-title":"Efficacy of virtual reality for pain relief in medical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Teh","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21501319241293311","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319241293311","article-title":"Immersive technologies in healthcare: an in-depth exploration of virtual reality and augmented reality in enhancing patient care, medical education, and training paradigms","volume":"15","author":"Iqbal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02263-1","article-title":"Development of an 360-degree virtual reality video-based immersive cycle training system for physical enhancement in older adults: a feasibility study","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.09.032","article-title":"Higher symptom frequency and severity after the long interdialytic interval in patients on maintenance intermittent hemodialysis","volume":"7","author":"Chauhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2026010204362734500_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0274599","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274599","article-title":"Symptom burden according to dialysis day of the week in three times a week haemodialysis patients","volume":"17","author":"Hnynn","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Clinical Kidney Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf367\/65742484\/sfaf367.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/19\/1\/sfaf367\/65742484\/sfaf367.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/19\/1\/sfaf367\/65742484\/sfaf367.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T09:36:34Z","timestamp":1767346594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf367\/8365568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf367","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8505","2048-8513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8513","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"article-number":"sfaf367"}}