{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T06:12:10Z","timestamp":1793686330408,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the predominant renal phenotype and its independence from established risk factors remain unclear. We examined the RA\u2013CKD association in a large, population-based cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RA and CKD were defined using American College of Rheumatology\/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology and KDIGO criteria. Logistic regression models were employed with stepwise adjustment: first for cardiovascular risk [Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2)], followed by a model including age, sex, metabolic syndrome, smoking status, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Interaction terms were tested to evaluate effect modification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 9665 participants from the Paracelsus 10,000 cohort, 296 (3.1%) had RA. CKD prevalence was higher in the RA group compared with controls (11.8% vs 6.7%, P &amp;lt;\u00a0.001). Albuminuria at preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate was the dominant renal manifestation in RA (6.8%\u00a0vs 4.2%, P =\u00a0.027). In unadjusted analyses, RA was associated with higher odds of CKD [odds ratio (OR) 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30\u20132.68], an association that persisted after cardiovascular risk adjustment. However, the association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant in the fully adjusted model (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.96\u20132.13). A significant interaction was observed with NSAID use (P =\u00a0.042), whereby the association was largely confined to RA patients not using NSAIDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RA is associated with a higher prevalence of CKD, primarily driven by albuminuria at preserved kidney function. This distinct renal phenotype appears largely mediated by metabolic comorbidities rather than inflammation alone. Our findings highlight the need for systematic albuminuria screening in RA patients to enable earlier detection and intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T13:12:27Z","timestamp":1765458747000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of rheumatoid arthritis with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3353-8702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Ausserwinkler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Elisabethinen Hospital Klagenfurt Department of Internal Medicine, ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Landeskrankenhaus \u2013 Uniklinikum Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg First Department of Medicine, 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,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5721-2595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Aberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landeskrankenhaus \u2013 Uniklinikum Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg First Department of Medicine, ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1609-4676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Paulweber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landeskrankenhaus \u2013 Uniklinikum Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg First Department of Medicine, ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5950-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugen","family":"Trinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Department of Neurology, Neurointensive Care and Neurorehabilitation, Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7226-8371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Langthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Department of Neurology, Neurointensive Care and Neurorehabilitation, Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6132-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Iglseder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Department of Geriatric Medicine, , Salzburg ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0816-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Flamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Practice, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health and Healthcare Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg 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