{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:28:11Z","timestamp":1793140091513,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008967","name":"Philipps-University Marburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009103","name":"Von Behring-R\u00f6ntgen-Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009560","name":"University Hospital Giessen and Marburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRFMM-172\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRFMM-172\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a prototypical nephrology emergency requiring rapid recognition and treatment. Despite the promise of immersive virtual reality (VR), nephrology lacks VR-based emergency training. Building on our initial VR simulation, we evaluated the feasibility, acceptance and effectiveness of large-scale curricular implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On the STEP-VR platform, we embedded a custom three-dimensional RPGN case as a mandatory internal medicine module for fifth-year students. Knowledge was measured pre- and post-training. Instructional design effects were tested by comparing tutor-guided versus tutorless sessions and by examining a pretesting effect. Acceptance and simulation sickness were surveyed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 408 students participated (mean age 25.4 years, 59.6% female). In the pretest\u2013posttest cohort, knowledge increased after training (overall relative gain +101%; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001, Cohen\u2019s d = 1.30). After adjustment, tutor-guided sessions yielded higher posttest scores than tutorless sessions (+5.5 points on a 0\u201349 scale). Between-cohort posttest comparisons suggested an exploratory forward-testing effect (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.01). Improvements spanned RPGN recognition, urine sediment examination, laboratory and histology interpretation and hyperkalaemia management. Acceptance was high and simulation sickness was infrequent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the successful large-scale curricular integration of VR-based training for nephrology emergencies, confirming its feasibility and educational effectiveness. By sustainably embedding immersive VR into medical education, this approach bridges a long-standing training gap in nephrology, enhances clinical competencies, increases student engagement with the specialty and may contribute to long-term efforts to address the nephrology workforce shortage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfag060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T12:51:07Z","timestamp":1771505467000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Implementing virtual reality for emergency training in nephrology: a large-scale study on educational impact and acceptance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2799-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Russ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marburg University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Marburg University , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Einloft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marburg University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel L","family":"Morgenschweis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marburg University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, , Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1839-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Bedenbender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marburg University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Department of 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