{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:25:22Z","timestamp":1792531522386,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR200909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence is rising and while heat\u2013AKI associations are established, the demographic and clinical groups most vulnerable remain unclear. Identifying these groups is essential for kidney-specific heatwave guidance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 947\u2009342 AKI alerts in England from April to September 2017\u201321, from UK Renal Registry data, were linked to HadUK-Grid dataset and hospital admission data. We utilized a time-stratified, bidirectional case-crossover design with distributed lag models estimated odds ratios (ORs) for AKI associated with temperatures above 25\u00b0C, stratified by demographic characteristics and admission diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heat exposure was associated with AKI [OR 1.038; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.036\u20131.040 per 1\u00b0C rise above 25\u00b0C] with highest odds for stage 3 AKI (OR 1.047; 95% CI 1.039\u20131.055). Associations were more marked in males (OR 1.041; 95% CI 1.037\u20131.044) than females (OR 1.035; 95% CI 1.032\u20131.039); odds doubled in those aged \u226585\u00a0years (OR 1.054; 95% CI 1.049\u20131.060) compared with the 45\u201364 years age group (OR 1.027; 95% CI 1.021\u20131.032). Ethnic risks varied between Chinese (OR 1.054, 95% CI: 1.012\u20131.098), White (OR 1.041; 95% CI 1.038\u20131.044), Indian (OR 1.033; 95% CI 1.019\u20131.047), Pakistani\/Bangladeshi (OR 1.027; 95% CI 1.011\u20131.044), Caribbean (OR 1.024; 95% CI 1.005\u20131.042) and African (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.982\u20131.021), with differences partly explained by younger age distribution in ethnic minority groups. Heat-related AKI was more marked for admissions of patients with delirium (OR 1.061; 95% CI 1.029\u20131.094) and with respiratory diseases (OR 1.044; 95% CI 1.037\u20131.052).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was effect modification by age for heat-related AKI risk, with especially high risks amongst older individuals; those admitted with delirium or respiratory illness and some ethnic groups. These findings support the development of targeted kidney-specific hot weather guidance to protect the vulnerable populations identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfag100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:46:42Z","timestamp":1774010802000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Heat-related acute kidney injury risk in England: a nationwide case-crossover analysis of 947 342 AKI alerts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4551-7495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nithin","family":"Bodapati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research department, UKKA (United Kingdom Kidney Association) , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Population health sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Renal Medicine, North Bristol NHS Trust , Southmead Hospital, Bristol 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