{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:02:51Z","timestamp":1776776571159,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Richard Yu Chinese University of Hong Kong","award":["6905134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6905134"]}]},{"name":"Richard Yu Chinese University of Hong Kong","award":["6906662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6906662"]}]},{"name":"Richard Yu Chinese University of Hong Kong","award":["8601286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8601286"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia is a common and serious complication of dialysis patients. In addition to the reduction in total muscle mass, fat infiltration of skeletal muscle as represented by the percentage of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT%) affects muscle quality and may have prognostic implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated 86 incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Their total muscle area, skeletal muscle index and IMAT% at the level of third lumbar vertebra (L3) was measured by computer tomography. The relation with functional assessment, bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) parameters, survival and peritonitis rate were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>L3 total muscle area and IMAT% had opposite but both significant correlation with functional scores (Morse Fall Scale and Norton Scale) and lean tissue mass measured by BIS, but IMAT% did not have correlation with adipose tissue mass by BIS. IMAT%, but not total muscle area, was independently associated with peritonitis-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio 1.084, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.027 to 1.144, P\u00a0=\u00a0.004) and peritonitis rate (adjusted \u03b2 = 1.091, 95% CI 1.032 to 1.155, P\u00a0=\u00a0.002). Neither total muscle area nor IMAT% was associated with patient survival or hospitalization rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IMAT% is an independent predictor of peritonitis-free survival and peritonitis rate in incident PD patients. Further studies are needed to validate our results and to develop convenient non-invasive methods for the assessment of IMAT%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfag102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:46:03Z","timestamp":1773924363000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intramuscular fat content and the risk of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lixing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, NT, Hong Kong,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack Kit-Chung","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, NT, Hong Kong,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7676-7628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winston Wing-Shing","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, NT, Hong Kong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon Chun-Kau","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, NT, Hong Kong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing-Fai","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, NT, Hong Kong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, NT, Hong Kong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheuk-Chun","family":"Szeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, NT, Hong Kong,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.07.004","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis prescription and adequacy in clinical practice: core curriculum 2023","volume":"81","author":"Auguste","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46744-1","article-title":"Better quality of life of peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis over a two-year period after dialysis initiation","volume":"9","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.21.278","article-title":"Association of sarcopenia and its components with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis","volume":"41","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2478\/prilozi-2021-0034","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: rate, clinical outcomes and patient survival","volume":"42","author":"Dzekova-Vidimliski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki)"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2019.09.003","article-title":"Association between peritonitis and low muscle mass in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"30","author":"Do","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163904","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2163904","article-title":"The body mass index change is associated with death or hemodialysis transfer in Japanese patients initiating peritoneal dialysis","volume":"45","author":"Kojima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1159\/000539489","article-title":"Pathophysiology of physical exercise in kidney patients: unveiling new players\u2014the role of myokines","volume":"49","author":"Picciotto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae193","article-title":"The kidney-skeletal muscle-heart axis in chronic kidney disease: implications for myokines","volume":"40","author":"Quiroga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0035-5","article-title":"The role of myostatin in muscle wasting: an overview","volume":"2","author":"Elkina","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2023.14049","article-title":"Role of growth differentiation factor 15 in cancer cachexia (Review)","volume":"26","author":"Ling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13641","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97907-2","article-title":"Activin A is deeply involved in the progression of sarcopenia and leads to poor prognosis in lung cancer patients","volume":"15","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116809","article-title":"Overview of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in metabolic diseases","volume":"176","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa129","article-title":"Myostatin and muscle atrophy during chronic kidney disease","volume":"36","author":"Bataille","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab030","article-title":"Myostatin\/activin receptor ligands in muscle and the development status of attenuating drugs","volume":"43","author":"Rodgers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-007-0220-3","article-title":"Myoglobin plasma level related to muscle mass and fiber composition: a clinical marker of muscle wasting?","volume":"85","author":"Weber","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10116","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810116","article-title":"Irisin protects musculoskeletal homeostasis via a mitochondrial quality control mechanism","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.04.008","article-title":"Follistatin improves skeletal muscle healing after injury and disease through an interaction with muscle regeneration, angiogenesis, and fibrosis","volume":"179","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/309570","article-title":"Intermuscular fat: a review of the consequences and causes","volume":"2014","author":"Addison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85946-8","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue affected muscle density more than intramuscular adipose tissue content with opportunistic screening at abdominal CT","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1268","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00613.2025","article-title":"Intramuscular adipose tissue: from progenitor to pathology","volume":"329","author":"Jones","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp155","article-title":"Adipose tissue infiltration in skeletal muscle of healthy elderly men: relationships with body composition, insulin resistance, and inflammation at the systemic and tissue level","volume":"65A","author":"Zoico","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.11.006","article-title":"Inter-muscular adipose tissue is associated with adipose tissue inflammation and poorer functional performance in central adiposity","volume":"81","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.110798","article-title":"Preoperative abnormal body composition is closely related to bacteremia after living donor liver transplantation","volume":"77","author":"Kamo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0275810","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275810","article-title":"The degree of recovery in swallowing ability in older inpatients with aspiration pneumonia is related to intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps than to muscle mass","volume":"17","author":"Akazawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70363","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70363","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue and muscle function in patients on maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"13","author":"Dilaver","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S258992","article-title":"Some nursing screening tools can be used to assess high-risk older adults who undergo colorectal surgery for cancer","volume":"15","author":"Cooper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2024.13.2.96","article-title":"The association of body mass index on falls risk and mortality in hospitalized patients of different old-age categories requiring nutritional support","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Res"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.05.016","article-title":"Norton score and clinical outcomes following acute decompensated heart failure hospitalization","volume":"76","author":"Natanzon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-022-01054-z","article-title":"Biochemical markers of musculoskeletal health and aging to be assessed in clinical trials of drugs aiming at the treatment of sarcopenia: consensus paper from an expert group meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) and the Centre Acad\u00e9mique de Recherche et d\u2019Exp\u00e9rimentation en Sant\u00e9 (CARES SPRL), under the auspices of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for the Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Conditions and Aging","volume":"112","author":"Ladang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000080316.37254.7A","article-title":"Oral sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of metabolic acidosis in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized placebo-control trial","volume":"14","author":"Szeto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V75745","article-title":"Measurement of residual renal function in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis","volume":"7","author":"van\u00a0Olden","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2017-0444","article-title":"Binding of bromocresol green and bromocresol purple to albumin in hemodialysis patients","volume":"56","author":"Delanghe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/27\/9\/012","article-title":"Body fluid volume determination via body composition spectroscopy in health and disease","volume":"27","author":"Moissl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-012-0216-y","article-title":"Influence of peritoneal dialysis solution on measurements of fluid status by bioimpedance spectroscopy","volume":"45","author":"Parmentier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-01994-4","article-title":"Depression does not predict clinical outcome of Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients after adjusting for the degree of frailty","volume":"21","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.21300","article-title":"Charlson comorbidity index as a predictor of outcomes in incident peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"37","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.03.018","article-title":"Serum albumin as a predictor of mortality in peritoneal dialysis: comparisons with hemodialysis","volume":"58","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.02.012","article-title":"The importance of residual kidney function for patients on dialysis: a critical review","volume":"53","author":"Perl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2021.09.006","article-title":"Basic biology to clinical application","volume":"106","author":"Esposito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04350-6","article-title":"Early change in lean tissue mass after peritoneal dialysis: prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-022-01227-x","article-title":"Serum myostatin levels are associated with physical function and hospitalization in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"77","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R12","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13189","article-title":"Low skeletal muscle area is a risk factor for mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients","volume":"18","author":"Weijs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S195869","article-title":"L3 skeletal muscle index (L3SMI) is a surrogate marker of sarcopenia and frailty in non-small cell lung cancer patients","volume":"11","author":"Portal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv027","article-title":"Greater skeletal muscle fat infiltration is associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older men","volume":"70","author":"Miljkovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0377-5","article-title":"Intramuscular adipose tissue attenuates gains in muscle quality in older adults at high risk for falling. A brief report","volume":"17","author":"Marcus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.19.0001","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue: a brief review of etiology, association with physical function and weight loss in older adults","volume":"23","author":"Waters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Geriatr Med Res"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.10.035","article-title":"Skeletal muscle density as a new predictor of abdominal infection in abdominal trauma patients","volume":"43","author":"Xi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026042108120987300_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458633","DOI":"10.3389\/fanes.2024.1458633","article-title":"A novel ultrasound approach in assessing IMAT in critically ill patients","volume":"3","author":"Molinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Anesthesiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Kidney Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfag102\/67433975\/sfag102.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfag102\/8530527","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfag102\/8530527","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:12:14Z","timestamp":1776773534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfag102\/8530527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfag102","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8505","2048-8513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8513","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"article-number":"sfag102"}}