{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:10:37Z","timestamp":1784124637891,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ELIMINATE-CKD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ELIMINATE-CKD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC-COG 101125516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-COG 101125516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Knowledge and Innovation Convenant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002997","name":"Dutch Kidney Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KICH2.V4P.NN23.002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KICH2.V4P.NN23.002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002997","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rapid advancements in digital healthcare technologies have created new opportunities in nephrology, but they have also increased the fragmentation of datasets, complexity of data sharing, data privacy and security risks, and a lack of data verifiability and reliability (provenance). While several technological solutions have been developed to address these concerns individually, blockchain has been suggested as a unified solution for secure and efficient data management through several features. These include immutability, interoperability, and programmability, which provide a powerful framework that extends the utility of blockchain beyond data governance in nephrology. Blockchain also has potential applications in pharmaceutical and biobanking quality assurance and in the reliability of medical devices through auditable maintenance logs, making it a promising candidate to address several challenges in patient care and nephrology research. Despite this promise, practical challenges arise between the features of blockchain, such as immutability, and legislation, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Furthermore, the value of real-world adoption in nephrology remains uncertain due to scalability, computational overheads, and implementation costs that may outweigh its advantages in many settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfag201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:45:04Z","timestamp":1781178304000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blockchain technology for secure and efficient nephrology data management"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"David R","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6mer Tarik","family":"\u00d6zyilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science, and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen , Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Provenzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, \u201cSS. Annunziata\u201d Hospital , Cosenza ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6116-4029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University Medical School , Tianjin ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan J L","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4127-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin H","family":"de\u00a0Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe J F","family":"Tietge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8675-9234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamas","family":"Szili-Torok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071509375201400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01416-2","article-title":"Optimizing multidisciplinary care of patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Kelepouris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"2026071509375201400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16050211","article-title":"Digital health support: current status and future development for enhancing dialysis patient care and empowering patients","volume":"16","author":"Canaud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"2026071509375201400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13636","article-title":"Big data in nephrology: are we ready for the change?","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"2026071509375201400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13222900","article-title":"Incompleteness of electronic health records: an impending process problem within healthcare","volume-title":"Healthcare","author":"Gurupur","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026071509375201400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00707-y","article-title":"Blockchain in nephrology","volume":"19","author":"Szili-Torok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2026071509375201400_bib6","first-page":"147","article-title":"History of blockchain-blockchain 1.0: currency\u2606","volume-title":"The Blockchain Technology for Secure and Smart Applications across Industry Verticals. 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