{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:27:51Z","timestamp":1792816071122,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wuxi Health Committee","award":["BJ2020079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ2020079"]}]},{"name":"Wuxi Health Committee","award":["BJ2023076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ2023076"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Program of Wuxi Health Commission","award":["M202107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M202107"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health concern. While adult CKD has been widely studied, systematic evaluation of early-onset CKD (ages 0\u201325) remains limited. Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, this study provides the first comprehensive assessment of early-onset CKD burden from 1990 to 2021 to inform prevention and control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed age-standardized incidence, mortality, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among individuals aged 0\u201325 across Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles. Temporal trends were quantified using segmented regression and average annual percentage change. Cross-country inequalities were measured via slope and concentration indices. Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort models projected burden through 2050. Das Gupta decomposition assessed contributions from population growth, aging, and epidemiologic shifts. Frontier analysis examined the relationship between SDI and DALYs to estimate preventable burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early-onset CKD demonstrated divergent global patterns: mortality declined [estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) \u22120.87%] while incidence increased (EAPC 0.31%). Total cases rose to 41.79 million (EAPC 0.13%), whereas DALYs fell to 3.32 million (EAPC \u22120.89%). Mortality reductions were greatest in medium\/low SDI regions, but incidence increases were also most pronounced there. SDI was inversely associated with mortality. Age patterns showed bimodal peaks: children under 5 (45.58% of new cases) and young adults 20\u201324 years (32.32% of DALYs), with higher male mortality in the latter group. Unknown etiologies dominated (58%\u201368%), followed by glomerulonephritis; in East Asia, type 1 diabetes accounted for 20.42% of deaths. Frontier analysis indicated limited prevention efficiency in low SDI settings and untapped potential in high SDI regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early-onset CKD showed declining mortality but rising incidence, likely reflecting improved survival, better ascertainment, and persistent risk exposures. Reducing this burden will require targeted action on SDI-related disparities, the high proportion of unknown etiology, and the shifting burden across childhood and young adulthood. In the context of the 2025 World Health Organization resolution integrating kidney health into the global noncommunicable disease agenda, these findings support stronger surveillance, early detection, and equitable resource allocation for younger populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfag206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T16:07:42Z","timestamp":1781453262000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Global trends and projections of early-onset CKD burden: a GBD 2021 analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ailing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women\u2019s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital , Wuxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyan","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071609212596500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-024-00820-6","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus","volume":"20","author":"Francis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2026071609212596500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31012-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026071609212596500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz174","article-title":"A single number for advocacy and communication-worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases","volume":"34","author":"Jager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026071609212596500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories","volume-title":"Lancet","author":"Foreman","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026071609212596500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003954","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003954","article-title":"Symptom burden and health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Fletcher","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026071609212596500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf198","volume-title":"ERA\u2019s ABCDE framework for kidney disease prevention: turning the WHO kidney health resolution into action","author":"Torra","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026071609212596500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l5873","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5873","article-title":"Status of care for end stage kidney disease in countries and regions worldwide: international cross sectional survey. 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