{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T09:48:29Z","timestamp":1785750509703,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Northern Norway Regional Health Authorities","award":["SEP 1100-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEP 1100-13"]}]},{"name":"Northern Norway Regional Health Authorities","award":["HNF 1422-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNF 1422-18"]}]},{"name":"Northern Norway Regional Health Authorities","award":["HNF 1692-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNF 1692-23"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-01807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-01807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation","award":["20250416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250416"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High habitual dietary protein intake may increase glomerular workload and contribute to hyperfiltration, but the long-term renal effects in individuals without chronic kidney disease remain debated. Prior population studies have relied on estimated glomerular filtration rate, which may be biased by non-GFR determinants. We examined whether higher protein intake is associated with decline in kidney function using repeated measurements of iohexol-measured GFR (mGFR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed data from the Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey, a population-based cohort with repeated mGFR measurements over follow-up (n\u00a0=\u00a01324). Baseline protein intake was estimated using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Associations of protein intake with GFR decline rate, accelerated GFR decline (top 10% with the steepest annual reductions), and incident mGFR &amp;lt;60\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2 were assessed using linear mixed models, logistic regression, and interval-censored Cox regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean age was 64 years, 50% were women, and mean baseline mGFR was 89\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2. Median follow-up was 10 years. Mean reported protein intake was 1.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5\u00a0g\/kg\/day, with the lowest quartile consuming &amp;lt;0.9\u00a0g\/kg\/day and the highest \u22651.4\u00a0g\/kg\/day. Protein intake was not associated with mGFR decline [\u22120.01\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2 per year (95% CI \u22120.04 to 0.02) per 0.1\u00a0g\/kg\/day higher protein intake]. Protein intake was not associated with accelerated GFR decline or incident mGFR &amp;lt;60\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among middle-aged and older adults in the general population, higher estimated habitual protein intake was not associated with mGFR decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfag235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T11:50:58Z","timestamp":1783770658000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Higher habitual protein intake is not linked to decline of iohexol-measured GFR in adults \u226540 years"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1621-1756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludvig Balteskard","family":"Rinde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laila A","family":"Hopstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie W","family":"Lundblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikoline Balteskard","family":"Rinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Marius","family":"Brobak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon Viljar","family":"Norvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger-Therese","family":"Enoksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marit D","family":"Solbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole-Martin","family":"Fuskev\u00e5g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Troms\u00f8 Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4763-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan-Jesus","family":"Carrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Hauger","family":"Carlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5837-2806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f8rn Odvar","family":"Eriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toralf","family":"Melsom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway , Troms\u00f8 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01853-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease in adults, 1990-2023, and its attributable risk factors: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","volume":"406","author":"Collaborators GBDCKD","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.03.021","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure is not associated with accelerated glomerular filtration rate decline in the general non-diabetic middle-aged population","volume":"90","author":"Eriksen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice","volume":"42","author":"Visseren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020030384","article-title":"Modifiable lifestyle factors for primary prevention of CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.10.025","article-title":"Prediabetes and risk of glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria in the general nondiabetic population: a prospective cohort study","volume":"67","author":"Melsom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf228","article-title":"Trends in nephrology: decades later, the importance of glomerular hyperfiltration in daily kidney care","volume":"41","author":"Luyckx","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020010028","article-title":"The effects of high-protein diets on kidney health and longevity","volume":"31","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97656","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097656","article-title":"Comparison of high vs. normal\/low protein diets on renal function in subjects without chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1265\/ehpm.22-00247","article-title":"Total protein intake and subsequent risk of chronic kidney disease: the circulatory risk in communities study","volume":"28","author":"Kubo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-02079-y","article-title":"A prospective study on total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to the risk of incident chronic kidney disease","volume":"21","author":"Alvirdizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"Kidney Disease: improving global outcomes CKDWG; KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0177-8","article-title":"International Society of sports nutrition position stand: protein and exercise","volume":"14","author":"J\u00e4ger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02086-1","article-title":"High protein diets and glomerular hyperfiltration in athletes and bodybuilders: is chronic kidney disease the real finish line?","volume":"54","author":"de\u00a0Lorenzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.05.024","article-title":"ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics","volume":"38","author":"Volkert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib15","volume-title":"Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025\u20132030","author":"U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2026;","edition":"10th ed."},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz216","article-title":"High-protein diet is bad for kidney health: unleashing the taboo","volume":"35","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu056","article-title":"Protein intake and kidney function in the middle-age population: contrast between cross-sectional and longitudinal data","volume":"29","author":"Cirillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.10.007","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate high-protein diet is associated with increased risk of incident chronic kidney diseases among Tehranian adults","volume":"29","author":"Farhadnejad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz015","article-title":"Dietary protein intake and kidney function decline after myocardial infarction: the Alpha Omega Cohort","volume":"35","author":"Esmeijer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz115","article-title":"High-protein diet with renal hyperfiltration is associated with rapid decline rate of renal function: a community-based prospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Jhee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408424","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1408424","article-title":"Association between dietary protein intake and risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02981-1","article-title":"Low-protein diet is inversely related to the incidence of chronic kidney disease in middle-aged and older adults: results from a community-based prospective cohort study","volume":"61","author":"Kwon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003545","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1003545","article-title":"Dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease: findings from a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Teymoori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00009","article-title":"The impact of protein intake on renal function decline in women with normal renal function or mild renal insufficiency","volume":"138","author":"Knight","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2024.12.007","article-title":"Association of protein intake with discordance between cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates in community-dwelling Japanese adults","volume":"35","author":"Kabasawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.431","article-title":"Changes in dietary protein intake has no effect on serum cystatin C levels independent of the glomerular filtration rate","volume":"79","author":"Tangri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948221092294","article-title":"The seventh survey of the Tromso Study (Tromso7) 2015-2016: study design, data collection, attendance, and prevalence of risk factors and disease in a multipurpose population-based health survey","volume":"50","author":"Hopstock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2022030323","article-title":"Sex differences in age-related loss of kidney function","volume":"33","author":"Melsom","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.321","article-title":"Cystatin C is not a better estimator of GFR than plasma creatinine in the general population","volume":"78","author":"Eriksen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000441092","article-title":"Estimated and measured GFR associate differently with retinal vasculopathy in the general population","volume":"131","author":"Eriksen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v63.3616","article-title":"Energy and nutrient intakes in relation to National Nutrition Recommendations in a Norwegian population-based sample: the Tromso Study 2015-16","volume":"63","author":"Lundblad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Nutr Res"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-37","article-title":"Andersen LF; Evaluation of energy and dietary intake estimates from a food frequency questionnaire using independent energy expenditure measurement and weighed food records","volume":"9","author":"Carlsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2022.16","article-title":"Protein intake and the risk of pre-frailty and frailty in Norwegian Older Adults. The Tromso Study 1994-2016","volume":"11","author":"Konglevoll","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510005246","article-title":"Relative validity of fruit and vegetable intake estimated from an FFQ, using carotenoid and flavonoid biomarkers and the method of triads","volume":"105","author":"Carlsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S002","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11594","article-title":"Office and ambulatory heart rate as predictors of age-related kidney function decline","volume":"72","author":"Eriksen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.03.017","article-title":"Multiple imputation of missing values was not necessary before performing a longitudinal mixed-model analysis","volume":"66","author":"Twisk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.06.022","article-title":"The association between metabolic syndrome, hyperfiltration, and long-term GFR decline in the general population","volume":"8","author":"Bystad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c289","DOI":"10.1159\/000330276","article-title":"Indexing of renal function parameters by body surface area: intelligence or folly?","volume":"119","author":"Delanaye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019010008","article-title":"Evaluating glomerular filtration rate slope as a surrogate end point for ESKD in clinical trials: an individual participant meta-analysis of observational data","volume":"30","author":"Grams","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-45","article-title":"Regression methods for investigating risk factors of chronic kidney disease outcomes: the state of the art","volume":"15","author":"Boucquemont","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf079","article-title":"High measured GFR as a predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in a prospective non-diabetic population cohort","volume":"40","author":"Eriksen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0235","article-title":"Impaired fasting glucose is associated with renal hyperfiltration in the general population","volume":"34","author":"Melsom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMclde2304134","article-title":"Dietary protein restriction in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"390","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2025.06.019","article-title":"Iohexol clearance, but not estimated GFR, reveals a steeper GFR decline in patients with prediabetes","volume":"108","author":"Melsom","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.084061","article-title":"Protein and healthy aging","volume":"101","author":"Paddon-Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8060359","article-title":"Protein consumption and the elderly: what is the optimal level of intake?","volume":"8","author":"Baum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.11.010","article-title":"Dietary protein intake in midlife in relation to healthy aging\u2014results from the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohort","volume":"119","author":"Ardisson\u00a0Korat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026080305362943600_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507691636","article-title":"Long-term reproducibility of a food-frequency questionnaire and dietary changes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heidelberg cohort","volume":"98","author":"Nagel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"}],"container-title":["Clinical Kidney Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfag235\/68759348\/sfag235.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/19\/8\/sfag235\/68759348\/sfag235.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article-pdf\/19\/8\/sfag235\/68759348\/sfag235.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T09:36:36Z","timestamp":1785749796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ckj\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfag235\/8732564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfag235","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8505","2048-8513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8505","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8513","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"article-number":"sfag235"}}