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This clinicopathological entity is characterized by acute kidney injury with a tubulointerstitial pattern occurring in a patient exposed to an ICI, and histological confirmation is required to establish the diagnosis. Histopathological examination typically reveals a lymphocytic infiltrate, supporting the use of corticosteroid therapy for \u223c12 weeks, which enables recovery of kidney function in &amp;gt;80% of cases. Although current recommendations are relatively well established, daily management remains challenging for nephrologists in a number of patients. In practice, nephrologists are not dealing with a single form of nephritis, but rather with several distinct entities, whose identification is progressively emerging through the literature, particularly with the description of different histopathological subtypes. We therefore sought to highlight specific patient populations for whom diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic management remains difficult despite the available literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfag333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:23:03Z","timestamp":1790266983000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated interstitial nephritis: let\u2019s move forward addressing the unknowns"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Belliere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, Referral Centre for Rare Kidney Diseases, French Intensive Care Renal Network, University Hospital of Toulouse ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Toulouse University , Toulouse ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"INSERM U1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases , Toulouse 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