{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:51:52Z","timestamp":1789732312670,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006379","name":"Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Health Services Research and Development HSR&D"},{"name":"IIR","award":["07-165-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07-165-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both reduced glomerular filtration rate and increased urine albumin excretion, markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD), are associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, CKD is not recognized as an ASCVD risk equivalent by most lipid guidelines. Statin medications, especially when combined with ezetimibe, significantly reduce ASCVD risk in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD. Unless physicians recognize the heightened ASCVD risk in this population, statins may not be prescribed in the absence of clinical cardiovascular disease or diabetes, a recognized ASCVD risk equivalent. We examined statin use in adults with nondialysis-dependent CKD and examined whether the use differed in the presence of clinical ASCVD and diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study ascertained statin use from pharmacy dispensing records during fiscal years 2012 and 2013 from the US Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. The study included 581\u00a0344 veterans aged \u226550\u2009years with nondialysis-dependent CKD Stages 3\u20135 with no history of kidney transplantation or dialysis. The 10-year predicted ASCVD risk was calculated with the pooled risk equation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of veterans with CKD, 62.1% used statins in 2012 and 55.4% used statins continuously over 2 years (2012\u201313). Statin use in 2012 was 76.2 and 75.5% among veterans with CKD and ASCVD or diabetes, respectively, but in the absence of ASCVD, diabetes or a diagnosis of hyperlipidemia, statin use was 21.8% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The 10-year predicted ASCVD risk was \u22657.5% in 95.1% of veterans with CKD, regardless of diabetes status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Statin use is low in veterans with nondialysis-dependent CKD in the absence of ASCVD or diabetes despite high-predicted ASCVD risk. Future studies should examine other populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfy131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T15:19:31Z","timestamp":1548256771000},"page":"530-537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Low statin use in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease in the absence of clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Talar W","family":"Markossian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6374-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly J","family":"Kramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"},{"name":"Medicine Service Line, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J","family":"Burge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Service Line, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan V","family":"Pacold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"},{"name":"Medicine Service Line, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Leehey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"},{"name":"Medicine Service Line, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Huo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"},{"name":"Medicine Service Line, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"},{"name":"Medicine Service Line, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin T","family":"Stroupe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020030521264870200_sfy131-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.230","article-title":"A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010","volume":"88","author":"Mills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2020030521264870200_sfy131-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2038","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United 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