{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T14:17:09Z","timestamp":1793024229201,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"NHLBI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but typically requires advanced lipid testing. We describe two new equations, first one for calculating large buoyant LDL-C (lbLDL-C), based only upon results from the standard lipid panel, and the second one for sdLDL-C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equations for sdLDL-C and lbLDL-C were generated with least-squares regression analysis using the direct Denka sdLDL-C assay as reference (n\u2009=\u200920\u00a0171). sdLDL-C was assessed as a risk-enhancer test in the National Heart and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and for its association with ASCVD in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The newly derived equations depend on two terms, namely LDL-C as determined by the Sampson equation, and an interaction term between LDL-C and the natural log of triglycerides (TG). The lbLDL-C equation (lbLDLC=1.43\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0LDLC-0.14\u00a0\u00d7(ln\u2061(TG)\u00d7\u00a0LDLC)-\u00a08.99)\u00a0was more accurate (R2 = 0.933, slope\u2009=\u20090.94) than the sdLDL-C equation (sdLDLC=LDLC-\u00a0lbLDLC; R2 = 0.745, slope\u2009=\u20090.73). Using the 80th percentile (46\u2009mg\/dL) as a cut-point, sdLDL-C identified in NHANES additional high-risk patients not identified by other risk-enhancer tests based on TG, LDL-C, apolipoprotein B, and nonHDL-C. By univariate survival-curve analysis, estimated sdLDL-C was superior to other risk-enhancer tests in predicting ASCVD events in MESA. After multivariate adjustment for other known ASCVD risk factors, estimated sdLDL-C had the strongest association with ASCVD compared to other lipid parameters, including measured sdLDL-C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimated sdLDL-C could potentially be calculated on all patients tested with a standard lipid panel to improve ASCVD risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvab048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T15:12:02Z","timestamp":1615389122000},"page":"987-997","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["A New Equation Based on the Standard Lipid Panel for Calculating Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Its Use as a Risk-Enhancer Test"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Maureen","family":"Sampson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9479-0741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Wolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Warnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prism Health Dx Inc, Waltham, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Lucero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan T","family":"Remaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070811015520200_hvab048-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx144","article-title":"Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. 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