{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:48:57Z","timestamp":1791251337834,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that develops over years from the asymptomatic precursors, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and smoldering multiple myeloma. Recent evidence shows that by initiating treatment at an asymptomatic stage, outcomes in MM can be significantly improved. However, a vast majority of MM patients are diagnosed after the development of symptomatic end-organ damage and cannot reap the benefits of early treatment. The precursors of MM are easily detected by serum protein electrophoresis and free light chain assay of the serum, raising the question of whether population-based screening could detect MM at an asymptomatic stage and significantly expand the availability of early treatment in MM. Screening is a hallmark of care in many malignancies, and there are accepted criteria for when screening is appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Here we review the available relevant evidence for the introduction of screening and discuss whether screening for MM and its precursors fulfills these criteria. We also highlight gaps in our current knowledge, most notably a lack of data on the benefits and harms of screening and the lack of a defined target population. There are ongoing studies that may fill these critical gaps in the literature, but their results are still pending.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Screening could lead to a paradigm shift in the care of patients with MM, but critical scientific questions need to be answered before screening of healthy individuals can be recommended. In short, we should not screen for MM and its precursors\u2014yet.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvad148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T16:23:27Z","timestamp":1704385407000},"page":"128-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Screening in Multiple Myeloma and Its Precursors: Are We There Yet?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"S\u00e6mundur","family":"R\u00f6gnvaldsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland , Reykjav\u00edk , Iceland"},{"name":"Landsp\u00edtali\u2014The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykjav\u00edk , Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigr\u00fan","family":"Thorsteinsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland , Reykjav\u00edk , Iceland"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigur\u00f0ur Yngvi","family":"Kristinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland , Reykjav\u00edk , Iceland"},{"name":"Landsp\u00edtali\u2014The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykjav\u00edk , Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012006452938200_hvad148-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13083","article-title":"Rapidly changing myeloma epidemiology in the general population: increased incidence, older patients, and longer survival","volume":"101","author":"Turesson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"2024012006452938200_hvad148-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e538","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70442-5","article-title":"International myeloma working group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma","volume":"15","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2024012006452938200_hvad148-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e412","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.183475","article-title":"Dramatically improved survival in multiple myeloma patients in the recent decade: results from a Swedish population-based study","volume":"103","author":"Thorsteinsdottir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2024012006452938200_hvad148-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.2128","article-title":"Global burden of multiple myeloma: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"4","author":"Cowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2024012006452938200_hvad148-B5","volume-title":"Monoclonal gammopathy of what significance? Overcoming the methodological limitations of studying an asymptomatic precursor disorder","author":"R\u00f6gnvaldsson","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024012006452938200_hvad148-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-194241","article-title":"Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) consistently precedes multiple myeloma: a prospective study","volume":"113","author":"Landgren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024012006452938200_hvad148-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5418","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-195008","article-title":"A monoclonal gammopathy precedes multiple myeloma in most patients","volume":"113","author":"Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024012006452938200_hvad148-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2010.60","article-title":"Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma: IMWG 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