{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:17:32Z","timestamp":1787008652413,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Celiac disease (CeD) has an estimated prevalence of 1%\u20133%. The classical clinical presentation is malabsorption, but now patients may present with more subtle symptoms such as constipation, osteoporosis, or iron deficiency anemia. Children may also present with poor growth.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>CeD has a strong genetic component, and high-risk groups include first-degree relatives with CeD, patients with co-existing autoimmune diseases, and patients with chromosomal aberrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnostic tests for CeD include duodenal histology, serology, and genetic testing. Duodenal histology has traditionally been the gold standard of diagnosis. However, serological tests, especially IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies (TTG-IgA), are widely used and diagnostic algorithms are based primarily on TTG-IgA as a starting point. Human leukocyte antigen typing may also be incorporated to determine genetic risk for CeD. Guidelines for children endorse biopsy avoidance provided high levels of TTG-IgA, with diagnostic accuracy being comparable to duodenal biopsy. Confirmation may be achieved by identifying IgA endomysial antibodies in a separate blood sample. Subjects with low positive TTG-IgA levels and subjects with IgA deficiency need a biopsy to establish a diagnosis of CeD. The clinical follow-up of CeD usually includes a repeat TTG-IgA examination. In adults, healing may be delayed or incomplete, and a rare consequence of refractory celiac disease is transformation to enteric T-cell lymphoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laboratory testing, in particular TTG-IgA, plays a central role in the diagnosis and has an accuracy comparable to histology. Diagnostic algorithms utilizing laboratory testing are critical for the development of novel strategies to improve diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvae098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T11:54:26Z","timestamp":1719402866000},"page":"1208-1219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Laboratory Testing for Celiac Disease: Clinical and Methodological Considerations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6286-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Husby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3621-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rok Seon","family":"Choung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e6cilie","family":"Crawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Hans Christian Andersen Children\u2019s Hospital, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren T","family":"Lillevang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 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