{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:40:53Z","timestamp":1787802053612,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cystatin C is a long-established filtration marker which can be used to assess kidney function, but it has been sparingly used for clinical care due to creatinine\u2019s role as the primary biomarker for kidney function assessment based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This review summarizes the evolution of cystatin C\u2019s role in kidney disease assessment and highlights new guidelines promoting more widespread use. Specifically, the 2021 National Kidney Foundation and American Society of Nephrology Task Force on Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Diagnosing Kidney Disease report, and the 2024 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), recommend increased use of cystatin C as an alternative and complementary biomarker for kidney function assessment, since it does not differ by race like creatinine, correlates better with adverse outcomes compared to creatinine, and provides a more accurate eGFR when used in combination with creatinine.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While robust literature demonstrates improved accuracy with cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRcys) in certain clinical subpopulations, future research is needed to better understand its performance relative to creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcr) and measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in additional diverse cohorts, and to achieve assay standardization to match the performance of creatinine assays. Additionally, cystatin C testing availability will need to be broadened from primarily reference laboratories to local laboratories, and partnerships will need to be developed between clinical stakeholders and the laboratory to promote cystatin C\u2019s clinical use, to achieve widespread adoption of guideline-recommended eGFR equations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvae226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T12:39:52Z","timestamp":1738672792000},"page":"743-751","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Estimation with Cystatin C\u2014Past, Present, and Future"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2781-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy B","family":"Karger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Shlipak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Health Research Collaborative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Healthcare System , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518509160980","article-title":"The blood serum concentration of cystatin C (gamma-trace) as a measure of the glomerular filtration rate","volume":"45","author":"Simonsen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.09.025","article-title":"Cystatin c as a marker of GFR\u2013history, indications, and future research","volume":"38","author":"Filler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.10.1921","article-title":"Serum cystatin C, determined by a rapid, automated particle-enhanced turbidimetric method, is a better marker than serum creatinine for glomerular filtration rate","volume":"40","author":"Kyhse-Andersen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.40","article-title":"Serum cystatin c measured by automated immunoassay: a more sensitive marker of changes in GFR than serum creatinine","volume":"47","author":"Newman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.6.1016","article-title":"Initial evaluation of cystatin c measurement by particle-enhanced immunonephelometry on the behring nephelometer systems (BNA, BN II)","volume":"43","author":"Finney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B6","first-page":"47","article-title":"Cystatin C\u2013a paradigm of evidence based laboratory medicine","volume":"29","author":"Chew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510802150067","article-title":"Standardization of cystatin C: development of primary and secondary reference preparations","volume":"241","author":"Blirup-Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2010.318","article-title":"First certified reference material for cystatin C in human serum ERM-DA471\/IFCC","volume":"48","author":"Grubb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2014-0427-CP","article-title":"Performance in measurement of serum cystatin c by laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists 2014 CYS survey","volume":"139","author":"Eckfeldt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.264325","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of cystatin C measurement after assay standardization","volume":"63","author":"Bargnoux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2021-0306-CP","article-title":"Improved performance in measurement of serum cystatin c by laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists 2019 CYS survey","volume":"146","author":"Karger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa237","article-title":"Long-term longitudinal stability of kidney filtration marker measurements: implications for epidemiological studies and clinical care","volume":"67","author":"Karger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0134-CP","article-title":"Recent trends in performance and current state of creatinine assays","volume":"137","author":"Killeen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.051557","article-title":"Simple cystatin C-based prediction equations for glomerular filtration rate compared with the modification of diet in renal disease prediction equation for adults and the Schwartz and the Counahan-Barratt prediction equations for children","volume":"51","author":"Grubb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000073","article-title":"Glomerular filtration rate estimated by cystatin C among different clinical presentations","volume":"69","author":"Rule","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.11.018","article-title":"Estimating GFR using serum cystatin c alone and in combination with serum creatinine: a pooled analysis of 3,418 individuals with CKD","volume":"51","author":"Stevens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.220707","article-title":"Generation of a new cystatin C-based estimating equation for glomerular filtration rate by use of 7 assays standardized to the international calibrator","volume":"60","author":"Grubb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B18","first-page":"497","article-title":"Estimating glomerular filtration rate for the full age spectrum from serum creatinine and cystatin C","volume":"32","author":"Pottel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","article-title":"New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race","volume":"385","author":"Inker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.08.003","article-title":"A unifying approach for GFR estimation: recommendations of the NKF-ASN task force on reassessing the inclusion of race in diagnosing kidney disease","volume":"79","author":"Delgado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203769","article-title":"Cystatin C-based equation to estimate GFR without the inclusion of race and sex","volume":"388","author":"Pottel","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvad031","article-title":"GFR estimating equations-a work in progress","volume":"69","author":"Karger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.11.024","article-title":"Performance of the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) creatinine-based equation in united states cohorts","volume":"105","author":"Delanaye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00894.x","article-title":"The burden of kidney disease: improving global outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Eknoyan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00365.x","article-title":"Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO)","volume":"67","author":"Levey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B26","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.169","article-title":"Improved equations estimating GFR in children with chronic kidney disease using an immunonephelometric determination of cystatin C","volume":"82","author":"Schwartz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B28","first-page":"S117","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.17002","article-title":"Estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and adverse outcomes: an individual-participant data meta-analysis","volume":"330","author":"Grams","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm661","article-title":"A comparison of GFR estimating formulae based upon s-cystatin C and s-creatinine and a combination of the two","volume":"23","author":"Tidman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248","article-title":"Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C","volume":"367","author":"Inker","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2023.100710","article-title":"Discordance between creatinine-based and cystatin C-based estimated GFR: interpretation according to performance compared to measured GFR","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad210","article-title":"Importance of cystatin C in estimating glomerular filtration rate: the PARADIGM-HF trial","volume":"44","author":"Tolomeo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft509","article-title":"Glomerular filtration rate estimation using cystatin C alone or combined with creatinine as a confirmatory test","volume":"29","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B35","article-title":"Diabetic status and the performances of creatinine- and cystatin C-based EGFR equations. [Epub]","author":"Delanaye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.172346","article-title":"Estimating glomerular filtration rates by use of both cystatin C and standardized serum creatinine avoids ethnicity coefficients in Asian patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"58","author":"Teo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043161","article-title":"Cystatin C and the risk of death and cardiovascular events among elderly persons","volume":"352","author":"Shlipak","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00003","article-title":"Cystatin c and prognosis for cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in elderly persons without chronic kidney disease","volume":"145","author":"Shlipak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214234","article-title":"Cystatin c versus creatinine in determining risk based on kidney function","volume":"369","author":"Shlipak","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.15404","article-title":"Reported awareness and adoption of 2021 estimated glomerular filtration rate equations among US Clinical Laboratories, March 2022","volume":"328","author":"Genzen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e732","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp17X692585","article-title":"Requirement for cystatin c testing in chronic kidney disease: a retrospective population-based study","volume":"67","author":"Lasserson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-0987","article-title":"Assessing the status of European laboratories in evaluating biomarkers for chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and recommendations for improvement: insights from the 2022 EFLM task group on CKD survey","volume":"62","author":"Cavalier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000638","article-title":"Cystatin C is ready for clinical use","volume":"29","author":"Ebert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0003202022","article-title":"Advantages, limitations, and clinical considerations in using cystatin C to estimate GFR","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000980","article-title":"Cystatin C should be routinely available for estimating kidney function","volume":"33","author":"Lees","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2017.01.005","article-title":"Improving the translation of novel biomarkers to clinical practice: the story of cystatin C implementation in Canada: a professional practice column","volume":"50","author":"Ismail","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B47","author":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2014.09.005","article-title":"Determination of cystatin C in human serum by isotope dilution mass spectrometry using mass overlapping peptides","volume":"112","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Antu\u00f1a","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2017.04.007","article-title":"Quantification of cystatin-C in human serum by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1059","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-0821","article-title":"An LC-MS\/MS method for serum cystatin C quantification and its comparison with two commercial immunoassays","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2023.06.001","article-title":"Update on assessment of estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Griffin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Kidney Dis Health"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000203","article-title":"Comparison of cystatin C and creatinine in the assessment of measured kidney function during critical illness","volume":"18","author":"Haines","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B53","first-page":"500","article-title":"Prediction of the renal elimination of drugs with cystatin C vs creatinine: a systematic review","volume":"94","author":"Barreto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13977","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13977","article-title":"Estimating kidney function in patients with cancer: a narrative review","volume":"238","author":"Claudel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"sfae006","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfae006","article-title":"Comparison of different estimated glomerular filtration rates for monitoring of kidney function in oncology patients","volume":"17","author":"Vermassen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad007","article-title":"GFR estimated with creatinine rather than cystatin c is more reflective of the true risk of adverse outcomes with low GFR in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"38","author":"Keddis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"sfae253","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfae253","article-title":"Immunosuppression and transplantation-related characteristics affect the difference between EGFR equations based on creatinine compared to cystatin C in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"17","author":"Weidmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2025070409520934000_hvae226-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2023.100727","article-title":"Cystatin c as a GFR estimation marker in acute and chronic illness: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Adingwupu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Med"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article-pdf\/71\/7\/743\/61748625\/hvae226.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article-pdf\/71\/7\/743\/61748625\/hvae226.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T13:52:22Z","timestamp":1751637142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article\/71\/7\/743\/7998366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/hvae226","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9147","1530-8561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9147","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}}}