{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:13:51Z","timestamp":1793294031925,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The consequences for health outcomes of the discordance in cystatin C-based (eGFRcys) and creatinine-based (eGFRcr) estimated glomerular filtration rates are gaining attention. However, the association of discordance with all-cause mortality in the general population has not been explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 325 356 UK Biobank participants, 40 to 69 years of age, were followed for a median of 13.7 years. eGFR was calculated using both the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2009\/2012 equations and the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equations. Differences were expressed as the absolute difference (eGFRcys \u2212 eGFRcr, where discordance was defined as \u00b115\u2005mL\/min\/1.73\u2005m2 difference) and relative difference (eGFRcys\/eGFRcr, where discordance was defined as eGFRcys &amp;lt; 60% eGFRcr). Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the participants, 15.5% had a discordant lower absolute eGFRcys, and 8.5% had a discordant higher absolute eGFRcys. Participants with discordant lower absolute eGFRcys (both CKD-EPI and EKFC equations) were older, more frequently male, had higher body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure, more comorbidities, and did less physical activity. A total of 26 465 deaths occurred. Participants with discordant lower eGFRcys had a 53% higher risk of mortality (HR = 1.53: 95% CI, 1.48\u20131.57), while those with discordant higher eGFRcys had a 30% lower risk (HR = 0.70: 95% CI, 0.66\u20130.75) compared to those with concordant eGFR. Those with discordance of lower relative eGFRcys had doubled risk of mortality (HR = 2.25: 95% CI, 2.04\u20132.47).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>eGFR discordance was prevalent and associated with mortality in general populations. These results support broader use of cystatin C for risk stratification of mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaf063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T07:55:40Z","timestamp":1746258940000},"page":"858-869","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Discordance between Cystatin C-Based and Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Mortality in the General Population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2109-3974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Celis-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Cat\u00f3lica del Maule , Talca ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"High-Altitude Medicine Research Centre (CEIMA), Universidad Arturo Prat , Iquique ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick K","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill P","family":"Pell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick B","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7970-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022514013794800_hvaf063-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007","article-title":"Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline","volume":"158","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026022514013794800_hvaf063-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0003202022","article-title":"Advantages, limitations, and clinical considerations in using cystatin c to estimate GFR","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"2026022514013794800_hvaf063-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2238300","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.38300","article-title":"Assessment of cystatin C level for risk stratification in adults with chronic kidney disease","volume":"5","author":"Lees","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026022514013794800_hvaf063-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2020.06.002","article-title":"Shrunken pore syndrome\u2014a common kidney disorder with high mortality. 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