{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T05:51:51Z","timestamp":1792389111723,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":167,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Habitat loss and fragmentation have been leading jaguars to constant conflicts with humans, and as a result, jaguar populations have been declining over the last decades. Captive breeding is often a tool for species conservation, and it is not different for jaguars. However, success is far from optimal due to the lack of basic knowledge about species\u2019 reproductive biology. In the present study, we assessed gonadal hormonal profiles of natural oestral cycles and puberty and compared our data to those of other wild felids. We collected faecal samples from two to seven times per week for 18\u00a0months from two adults and three pre-pubertal females. We defined baseline levels for progestins and oestrogens in order to estimate oestrous cycle length and age at puberty. We compared our data with 16 other species through generalized linear model, using weight and genus as two explanatory variables. Cycle length was 38.28\u2009\u00b1\u20092.52\u00a0days, ranging from 25 to 44\u00a0days, while sexual maturity was attained within 22\u00a0months. Due to our analysis of both hormonal and behavioural data, there is a variation between this research from other studies that employed only behavioural observations. Such difference may be caused by the absence of behavioural oestrous at the peri-pubertal period. When compared to wild felids of similar size, puberty and oestral cycle durations of the jaguar females fell within the same range. Our modelling showed that age at maturity was influenced mostly by size and only Leopardus partially explained the observed variation. Conversely, oestral cycle length did not differ among genera or size categories. Our study adds to the body literature in the reproductive endocrinology of wild felids, and because female gametes are more challenging to collect and preserve, a strong understanding on the female reproductive physiology is essential to assisted reproduction and wild population viability assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coaa052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T22:25:08Z","timestamp":1589495108000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Puberty and oestral cycle length in captive female jaguars Panthera onca"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Priscila","family":"Viau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria Armando de Salles Oliveira, Butant\u00e3, 05508270, S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Cattaruzzi","family":"Rodini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria Armando de Salles Oliveira, Butant\u00e3, 05508270, S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Sobral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria Armando de Salles Oliveira, Butant\u00e3, 05508270, S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Siqueira","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria Armando de Salles Oliveira, Butant\u00e3, 05508270, S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Morato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de Mam\u00edferos Carn\u00edvoros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade, Estrada Municipal Hisaichi Takebayashi, 8600, Bairro da Usina, Atibaia, 12952011 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio Alvarenga","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria Armando de Salles Oliveira, Butant\u00e3, 05508270, S\u00e3o Paulo (SP), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020061603132192000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199558520.003.0012","volume-title":"Carnivore Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques","author":"Asa","year":"2012"},{"key":"2020061603132192000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.01.035","article-title":"GnRH-agonist induction of fertile estrus with either natural mating or artificial insemination, followed by birth of pups in gray wolves (Canis lupus)","volume":"66","author":"Asa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2020061603132192000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2015.09.012","article-title":"Characterization and manipulation of reproductive cycles in the jaguar (Panthera onca)","volume":"225","author":"Barnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020061603132192000_ref4","first-page":"177","article-title":"Reproduction of the caracal Felis caracal from the Cape Province of South Africa","volume":"22","author":"Bernard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Afr Zool"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020061603132192000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0630523","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17\u03b2 and progesterone, and laparoscopic observations of the ovary in the puma (Felis concolor) during oestrus, pseudopregnancy and pregnancy","volume":"63","author":"Bonney","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Reprod Fert"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020061603132192000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.03.019","article-title":"Folliculogenesis in the domestic cat (Felis catus)","volume":"66","author":"Bristol-Gould","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2020061603132192000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809633-8.20638-9","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Reproduction","author":"Brown","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020061603132192000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.10043","article-title":"Reproductive endocrine responses to photoperiod and exogenous gonadotropins in the pallas\u2019 cat (Otocolobus manul )","volume":"21","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zoo Biol"},{"key":"2020061603132192000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:4<425::AID-ZOO7>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Fecal androgen metabolite analysis for non invasive monitoring of testicular steroidogenic activity in felids","volume":"15","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zoo Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020061603132192000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod51.4.776","article-title":"Comparative aspects of steroid hormone metabolism and ovarian activity in felids, measured noninvasively in feces","volume":"51","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2020061603132192000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.08.024","article-title":"Female reproductive cycles of wild female felids","volume":"124","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020061603132192000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1644\/09-MAMM-A-171.1","article-title":"Kill rates and predation patterns of jaguars (Panthera onca) in the southern Pantanal, Brazil","volume":"91","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mammal"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020061603132192000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-263X.2010.00109.x","article-title":"Making conservation physiology relevant to policy makers and conservation practitioners","volume":"3","author":"Cooke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Conserv Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020061603132192000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/cot001","article-title":"What is conservation physiology? 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